دانشکده جغرافیا- دانشگاه تهران نشریه گردشگری شهری 2423-6926 9 3 2022 10 23 Evaluating the level of loyalty, attachment and satisfaction of tourists to urban tourism destinations Case study: Rasht City ارزیابی میزان وفاداری، دلبستگی و رضایت گردشکران به مقصدهای گردشگری شهری مطالعه موردی: مقصد گردشگری رشت 1 13 90477 10.22059/jut.2022.333994.979 FA عالیه فریدی فشتمی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و هنر، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران علی اکبر سالاری پور گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و هنر، دانشگاه گیلان مهدی حسام گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران Journal Article 2022 05 26 Introduction Cities are one of the most important tourist destinations; they need the attention of managers and urban planners. Because tourism in many cities and countries has been able to cause high economic returns and get rid of the single-product economy. Therefore, tourism development and tourist attraction are significant, especially in developing countries such as Iran. What is certain is that just attracting tourists to a tourist destination can't guarantee the success of the destination in tourism because success in tourism is to provide the necessary conditions for tourists to be loyal to the destination. Loyal tourists generate a sustainable income for the tourist destination. As a communication channel, they share the desired destination information with friends, relatives, acquaintances and other potential tourists. Their statements are a good advertisement for the tourist destination. Many studies consider loyalty to the destination critical to the sustainable development of tourism destinations because the tourism industry relies heavily on loyal visitors. Therefore, it is important to study the degree of loyalty, attachment and satisfaction of tourists to urban tourism destinations and the factors that affect their loyalty to help stakeholders improve urban tourism destinations and their adaptation to the needs of tourists. This study has studied the city of Rasht as a well-known urban tourism destination. This city is considered the largest and most populous city in northern Iran and the country's third most visited tourist city. Methodology The study aims to assess the extent of tourists loyalty, attachment and satisfaction of tourists to the Rasht tourism destination. this study is applicable in terms of method, descriptive - analytic and in terms of purpose, and seeks to answer the following questions: how much tourists are loyal to the Rasht city? What is the degree of satisfaction of tourists to Rasht tourism destination? To collect data from a five-level Likert questionnaire from completely agree to disagree, 404 questionnaires were completed by tourists using the Convenience Sampling method. The statistical population of this study includes visitors to the tourist destination of Rasht who have visited this city at least once. First, the reliability of the research items was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.981), which shows the very high internal validity of the items. Then, the data obtained by SPSS software were evaluated using Friedman ranking tests, binomial and stepwise regression. Discussion This result shows that the tourists who traveled to Rasht had a relatively high level of satisfaction with their visit and experience in this city. Also, the results of the regression test show that the attachment index of tourists has the greatest impact on the loyalty index of tourists to The tourist destination is Rasht. This means that the predictor variable has been able to predict 62.9% of the variance share of the criterion variable, and in other words, 62.9% of the variance share of the tourist loyalty variable is only from the tourist attachment variable. Also, according to the correlation coefficient of these two indices (0.793), which is very high, it can be said that this index has a significant effect on the loyalty of tourists. Conclusion The present study results showed that several factors affect the loyalty of tourists to urban tourism destinations. One of the remarkable results of this research is the high impact of tourists' attachment Indicator on their loyalty to tourism destinations. Therefore, Rasht city management can take a practical step in promoting tourist loyalty by increasing tourists' attachment and improving this indicator's situation. Therefore, the city manager of Rasht, by reducing the cost of travel to this city and the costs related to accommodation, will improve the perceived value Indicator in this city to attract more tourists to the city Rasht. This research includes concepts for planners and managers in the field of tourism to meet the demands and expectations of tourists by adopting methods and provide unique experiences in line with the development of tourism and meeting the needs of tourists. In order to expand and complete the contents of this section, taking into account the characteristics of the study sample as well as the findings and results obtained, suggestions can be made to improve the level of attachment and loyalty of tourists in Rasht city: • Improving the individual and group skills of residents in order to increase creativity in providing recreational and tourism services. • Increasing the use of native capacities of Rasht city in the field of holding traditional and ritual ceremonies. • The use of social networks by the local management to introduce the tourism elements of Rasht city. • Strengthening the public spaces and tourism axes of Rasht city in order to increase the sense of belonging of tourists. • Development and strengthening of welfare infrastructure (such as entertainment centers, arts, etc.) in tourism areas. • The use of successful global experiences of tourism development and its correct adaptation and localization in the study sample. گردشگری به عنوان یکی از بزرگترین و متنوع‌ترین صنعت در دنیای امروز، در چند دهه اخیر توانسته سهم عمده‌ای در ایجاد ارزش افزوده کشورها داشته باشد و به عنوان منبع درآمد در کشورهای مختلف جهان مورد توجه قرار گیرد. با توجه به رقابتی شدن این صنعت در بین مقاصد گردشگری شهری، وفاداری و دلبسته نمودن گردشگران و ایجاد رضایت در ایشان امری ضروری می‌‌نماید. چراکه یکی از فاکتورهای موثر بر موفقیت مقصدهای گردشگری شهری، برخورداری از گردشگران وفادار است که قصد بازدید مجدد از آن مقصد را دارند. از این‌رو پژوهش حاضر با ماهیت کاربردی و از نوع توصیفی-تحلیلی با هدف ارزیابی میزان وفاداری، دلبستگی و رضایت گردشگران در مقصد گردشگری رشت صورت پذیرفته است. جهت جمع‌آوری داده‌‌ها با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس، 404 پرسشنامه توسط گردشگرانی که حداقل یک‌بار به شهر رشت سفر کرده‌‌اند تکمیل گردید. داده‌‌های به دست آمده توسط نرم افزار SPSS با استفاده از آزمون‌‌های رتبه ‌بندی فریدمن، دو جمله‌ای و رگرسیون گام به گام مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌‌ها نشان داد که میانگین هر سه شاخص وفاداری، دلبستگی و رضایت گردشگران در وضعیتی بالاتر از حد متوسط 3 قرار دارند. هم‌ چنین نتایج آزمون رگرسیون گویای این است که شاخص دلبستگی گردشگران بیشترین تاثیر را بر شاخص وفاداری گردشگران به مقصد گردشگری رشت دارد. بنابراین مدیریت شهری با افزایش میزان دلبستگی گردشگران به شهر رشت می ‌تواند سهم بسزایی در ارتقا وفاداری آن‌ها به این شهر داشته باشد.

https://jut.ut.ac.ir/article_90477_96e26698c398d2878fd55e92839e3110.pdf

دانشکده جغرافیا- دانشگاه تهران نشریه گردشگری شهری 2423-6926 9 3 2022 10 23 Identification of Drivers and Barriers to the Development of Experience-Oriented Tourism in Eco-Resorts of Semnan Province شناسایی محرک‌ها و موانع توسعه گردشگری تجربه محور در اقامتگاه های بوم‌گردی استان سمنان 15 29 87230 10.22059/jut.2021.318634.880 FA علی اصغر شالبافیان گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران پریسا طاهریان گروه بازاریابی جهانگردی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران Journal Article 2021 12 28 Abstract Today, the most valuable marketing tool used by tourism businesses to gain a competitive advantage is experience. Ecotourism residences are among the sectors of the tourism industry that can gain a lot of benefits by providing rich and memorable experiences to tourists. The purpose of the current research is to identify the drivers and obstacles that exist in the path of realizing these experiences in the eco-tourism residences of Semnan province. To achieve this goal, 17 people of owners of ecotourism residences in Semnan province were interviewed. Data analysis was done using the thematic analysis technique. From the point of view of the owners of ecotourism accommodation, on the one hand, there are drivers (such as administrative-institutional factors, technological factors, and socio-cultural factors) and on the other hand, there are obstacles (such as socio-cultural, environmental, educational, economic, infrastructural, institutional-organizational and weakness in Marketing) exists for the development of experience-oriented tourism. Paying more and more attention to the creation of stimuli makes the owners of the ecotourism accommodation offer a richer and more memorable experience to the tourists. This will strengthen the development of experience-oriented tourism. On the other hand, neglecting to remove the obstacles and limitations will make the success of the accommodations in providing a rich experience to tourists and as a result, the speed of development of experience-oriented tourism in the ecotourism accommodations of Semnan province will decrease. Extended Abstract Introduction Nowadays, experience is the most valuable marketing tool used by tourism businesses to gain a competitive advantage. In the meantime, creating a memorable experience through each travel service component can be designed and tracked. One of these components is the provision of accommodation services that can make an unforgettable memory in the mind of a tourist. But the provision of accommodation services can take different forms; one of these emerging forms in our country is eco-resorts. Eco-resorts are often formed in rural areas, and pristine nature and efforts have been made to observe environmental norms and interaction with the local community as much as possible. In other words, eco-resorts are also among the tourism industry sectors that can reap significant benefits by offering rich and memorable experiences to tourists. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the drivers and barriers that exist in the path of realization of these experiences in eco-resorts of Semnan province. Methodology The present study is part of applied and qualitative researches. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 owners of eco-resorts of Semnan province to collect data. The interviewees were selected based on snowball sampling. The sampling process continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. In order to analyze the output text of the interviews, the content analysis technique was used. In this way, the texts of the interviews provide the data needed to perform the analysis. Also, MAXQDA software was exerted to perform these analyzes. In the meantime, a set of basic, organizing, and inclusive themes were identified. Result and discussion The first comprehensive theme related to drivers of experience-oriented tourism in eco-resorts of Semnan province is institutional-managerial factors, which include four themes of organizing actions and effective management of local government, increasing cooperation of destination stakeholders with each other, program partnerships, and marketing expansion. The results also showed that the second comprehensive theme related to drivers of experience-oriented tourism in eco-resorts of Semnan province is the technology factor, which includes the theme of organizing the provision of telecommunications. The third comprehensive theme related to the drivers of experience-oriented tourism development in the eco-resorts of Semnan province is a socio-cultural factor that includes two themes of organizing the flexibility of social relations between the local community and tourists, and paying attention to holding special events. In contrast, barriers include socio-cultural, environmental, educational, economic, infrastructural, institutional-organizational, and marketing weaknesses. Socio-cultural themes include lack of proper organization, lack of awareness of tourists 'demands, conflict and differences between tourists' culture and the host community, problems of verbal communication, and lack of participation and cooperation. Environmental barriers include air and noise pollution, damage to flora, wildlife threats, and the destruction of local landscapes. Inclusive educational themes include lack of knowledge and education, and comprehensive economic themes include sanctions, lack of investor support, exchange rate fluctuations, and lack of necessary financial facilities. Infrastructural barriers include the lack of amenities and services, and the non-standardization of roads and communication routes. The institutional-organizational theme consists of organizing expertise shortage and mismanagement. Eventually, weaknesses in marketing are also related to the category of information and advertising problems. Conclusion Strengthening the calculated drivers in order to create a satisfactory experience for tourists in eco-resorts of Semnan province is one of the important issues that should be considered in order to emphasize the outputs of this study. On the other hand, removing the identified barriers can lead to the increasing success of the province's eco-resorts in the development of experience-oriented tourism. In addition, other suggestions that can be considered at a smaller level are policy-making and principled support for the expansion of eco-resorts, innovation, and creativity in providing experiences in ecotourism, promoting ethical codes in ecotourism, consulting in cyberspace from tourists about their experience in ecotourism, informing tourists about the sensitive habitats around eco-resorts, informing local people, facilitating the process of granting financial facilities to eco-resorts, using expert consultants in the field of ecotourism and finally, advertising the ecotourism of Semnan province in the national media. امروزه باارزش‌ترین ابزار بازاریابی مورداستفاده توسط کسب‌وکارهای گردشگری جهت کسب مزیت رقابتی، تجربه است. اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی نیز ازجمله بخش‌های صنعت گردشگری هستند که می‌توانند با ارائه تجربه‌های غنی و به‌یادماندنی به گردشگران، به منافع زیادی دست پیدا کنند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی محرک‌ها و موانعی است که در مسیر تحقق این تجارب در اقامتگاه‌های بوم گردی استان سمنان، وجود دارد. برای رسیدن به این هدف، با ۱۷ نفر از صاحبان اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی استان سمنان مصاحبه شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از تکنیک تحلیل مضمون صورت پذیرفت. از دیدگاه صاحبان اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی، از یک‌سو محرک‌ها (مانند عوامل مدیریتی-نهادی، عوامل فنّاورانه و عوامل اجتماعی-فرهنگی) و از سوی دیگر موانعی (مانند موانع اجتماعی-فرهنگی، زیست‌محیطی، آموزشی، اقتصادی، زیرساختی، نهادی-سازمانی و ضعف در بازاریابی) برای توسعه گردشگری تجربه محور وجود دارد. توجه هرچه بیشتر به ایجاد محرک‌ها، باعث می‌شود تا صاحبان اقامتگاه بوم‌گردی تجربه غنی‌تر و به‌یادماندنی‌تری را به گردشگران، ارائه دهند. این امر موجب تقویت توسعه گردشگری تجربه محور می‌شود. از سوی دیگر، بی‌توجهی به رفع موانع و محدودیت‌ها، باعث می‌شود تا موفقیت اقامتگاه‌ها در ارائه تجربه غنی به گردشگران کمتر شود و درنتیجه از سرعت توسعه گردشگری تجربه محور در اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی استان سمنان، کاسته شود.

https://jut.ut.ac.ir/article_87230_19f2c6dbbe5ab29827fb5c8e7b6810e9.pdf

دانشکده جغرافیا- دانشگاه تهران نشریه گردشگری شهری 2423-6926 9 3 2022 10 23 Evaluation of factors affecting tourism development Case study: Bojnourd city ارزیابی عوامل موثر بر توسعه گردشگری نمونه موردی: شهر بجنورد 31 46 88001 10.22059/jut.2022.340958.1025 FA سعید شرکا گروه جغرافیا، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران کتایون علیزاده گروه جغرافیا، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران حمید جعفری گروه جغرافیا، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران Journal Article 2022 03 29 The prosperity of tourism in each region depends on the conditions and characteristics of that region, so identifying the factors affecting the development of tourism in each region is the first step to develop tourism there. The present study tries to evaluate the factors affecting the development of tourism in Bojnourd according to the natural and human context of the region. This research is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population in the present study was two groups, the first group includes hosts and trustees of tourism units who after identifying and determining the most important places and tourist attractions of Bojnourd, which were 75, a total of 300 people were selected as a statistical sample and the second group includes related experts. With tourism affairs, a total of 50 people were selected as a statistical sample for this group. Findings showed that among the factors affecting tourism development according to the trustees, among the 4 main indicators, the highest average was related to the environmental index with an average of 4.1 and the lowest average was related to the socio-cultural index with an average of 3.08. Also, according to experts, among the factors affecting tourism development, the highest average is related to "infrastructure factors" with 3.8 and the lowest average is related to "socio-cultural factors" and is equal to 3.1. The final results obtained in the present study showed that the key strategic factors resulting from the present study can be in the focus of managers and planners in Bojnourd, creating a suitable opportunity for sustainable development of the region based on tourism, achieving the desired position of the region. In the field of domestic and even international tourism and the transformation of North Khorasan and Bojnourd city into a sustainable and competitive international tourism destination, which has led to economic prosperity and ultimately leads to job creation, productivity of local industries,The prosperity of tourism in each region depends on the conditions and characteristics of that region, so identifying the factors affecting the development of tourism in each region is the first step to develop tourism there. The present study tries to evaluate the factors affecting the development of tourism in Bojnourd according to the natural and human context of the region. This research is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population in the present study was two groups, the first group includes hosts and trustees of tourism units who after identifying and determining the most important places and tourist attractions of Bojnourd, which were 75, a total of 300 people were selected as a statistical sample and the second group includes related experts. With tourism affairs, a total of 50 people were selected as a statistical sample for this group. Findings showed that among the factors affecting tourism development according to the trustees, among the 4 main indicators, the highest average was related to the environmental index with an average of 4.1 and the lowest average was related to the socio-cultural index with an average of 3.08. Also, according to experts, among the factors affecting tourism development, the highest average is related to "infrastructure factors" with 3.8 and the lowest average is related to "socio-cultural factors" and is equal to 3.1. The final results obtained in the present study showed that the key strategic factors resulting from the present study can be in the focus of managers and planners in Bojnourd, creating a suitable opportunity for sustainable development of the region based on tourism, achieving the desired position of the region. In the field of domestic and even international tourism and the transformation of North Khorasan and Bojnourd city into a sustainable and competitive international tourism destination, which has led to economic prosperity and ultimately leads to job creation, productivity of local industries,The prosperity of tourism in each region depends on the conditions and characteristics of that region, so identifying the factors affecting the development of tourism in each region is the first step to develop tourism there. The present study tries to evaluate the factors affecting the development of tourism in Bojnourd according to the natural and human context of the region. This research is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population in the present study was two groups, the first group includes hosts and trustees of tourism units who after identifying and determining the most important places and tourist attractions of Bojnourd, which were 75, a total of 300 people were selected as a statistical sample and the second group includes related experts. With tourism affairs, a total of 50 people were selected as a statistical sample for this group. Findings showed that among the factors affecting tourism development according to the trustees, among the 4 main indicators, the highest average was related to the environmental index with an average of 4.1 and the lowest average was related to the socio-cultural index with an average of 3.08. Also, according to experts, among the factors affecting tourism development, the highest average is related to "infrastructure factors" with 3.8 and the lowest average is related to "socio-cultural factors" and is equal to 3.1. The final results obtained in the present study showed that the key strategic factors resulting from the present study can be in the focus of managers and planners in Bojnourd, creating a suitable opportunity for sustainable development of the region based on tourism, achieving the desired position of the region. In the field of domestic and even international tourism and the transformation of North Khorasan and Bojnourd city into a sustainable and competitive international tourism destination, which has led to economic prosperity and ultimately leads to job creation, productivity of local industries, رونق گردشگری در هر منطقه تابع شرایط و ویژگی‌های آن منطقه می‌باشد بنابراین شناسایی عوامل موثر بر توسعه گردشگری هر منطقه نخستین گام برای توسعه گردشگری آنجا است. پژوهش حاضر سعی دارد، به ارزیابی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر توسعه گردشگری شهر بجنورد با توجه به بستر طبیعی و انسانی منطقه بپردازد. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و جزو تحقیقات توصیفی - تحلیلی می‌باشد. جامعه آماری در پژوهش حاضر دو گروه بودند، گروه اول شامل میزبانان و متولیان واحدهای گردشگری که بعد از شناسایی و تعیین مهمترین اماکن و جاذبه‌های گردشگری شهرستان بجنورد که 75 مورد بودند در مجموع 300 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند و گروه دوم شامل کارشناسان مرتبط با امور گردشگری که در مجموع 50 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری برای این گروه انتخاب شدند. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد در میان عوامل موثر بر توسعه گردشگری از نظر متولیان، از بین 4 شاخص اصلی، یشترین میانگین مربوط به شاخص زیست‌محیطی با میانگین 4.1 و کمترین میانگین مربوط به شاخص اجتماعی - فرهنگی با میانگین 3.08 بوده است. همچنین از نظر کارشناسان، در میان عوامل موثر بر توسعه گردشگری، بیشترین میانگین مربوط به "عوامل زیرساختی" با 3.8 و کمترین میانگین مربوط به "عوامل اجتماعی - فرهنگی" و برابر 3.1 بدست آمده است. نتایج نهایی بدست آمده در پژوهش حاضر مشخص شد، عوامل کلیدی اســتراتژیک حاصــل از پژوهش حاضــر می-تواند در کانون توجه مدیران و برنامه‌ریزان در بجنورد قرارگرفته، امکانی مناسب برای توسعه پایدار منطقه بر پایه گردشگری پدید آورده، موجب دستیابی منطقه به موقعیت مطلوب در زمینه گردشگری در عرصه داخلی و حتی بین‌المللی و تبدیل خراسان شمالی و شهرستان بجنورد به یک مقصد گردشگری بین‌المللی پایدار و رقابتی شوند که، موجب شکوفایی اقتصادی گردیده و در نهایت منجر به اشتغال‌زایی، بهره‌وری صنایع محلی، افزایش توان اقتصادی شهرستان و به تبع آن افزایش درآمد سازمانهای اداره کننده منطقه گردد.

https://jut.ut.ac.ir/article_88001_e041a57bd9fed8306227d5f21cea5cdd.pdf

دانشکده جغرافیا- دانشگاه تهران نشریه گردشگری شهری 2423-6926 9 3 2022 10 23 Presenting a Three-steps Framework of Facilitators Role in Development of Health Tourism in the City of Isfahan ارائه چارچوب سه مرحله‌ای نقش تسهیلگر در توسعه گردشگری پزشکی در شهر اصفهان 47 61 87231 10.22059/jut.2022.328174.936 FA محمد غفاری استادیار گروه مدیریت، پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران حسین معینی استادیار گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه حضرت معصومه (س)، قم، ایران فاطمه جعفری کارشناس ارشد بازاریابی، پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2021 12 28 Abstract Since a safe trip for the treatment or prevention of disease requires the presence of a well-informed source in the field of suitable and well-equipped destinations and countries (medical tourism facilitators), in this research, an attempt is made to present the framework of the roles of medical tourism facilitators, which is a sub-branch of health tourism, in The steps before, during and after the trip are ill. In terms of the practical purpose and data collection method of the survey research, the present research included the medical tourism activists of Isfahan city and the sample number was 78 university professors, doctors, employees of tourism organizations, tourism agencies, and hotels in Isfahan city. 66 researcher-made questionnaires have been collected. Validity using the experience of experts and reliability of the questionnaire has been confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics and with the help of spss software and binomial tests, Shannon's sign and entropy, and the research findings have shown that the roles of medical tourism facilitators before the trip include planning, negotiating with service providers, legal guidance and Consulting with a doctor, coordinating treatment, promotion activities to attract patients, connecting patients to medical staff, helping to find a treatment center, traveling and choosing a destination, respecting privacy, checking the legitimacy of doctors and treatment centers, planning for transportation, removing the list Long wait, visa and during the trip, including guidance to benefit from the destination facilities, pre-treatment matters, sightseeing at the destination, meeting with the doctor, establishing cultural and social relations, creating a recovery environment, high-quality, cost-effective and timely care, translation, in The next stage of the trip was to make suggestions for health at the origin, take responsibility for possible injuries after returning, continue the treatment at home, solve the patient's problems at the origin, evaluate the patient's satisfaction and the quality of the treatment. Extended Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study is to help the development of the medical tourism industry. The city of Isfahan, which is located in the center of Iran, has many cultural and historical attractions for foreign travelers. It also has skilled and qualified physicians. If we can help the development of this industry in the country, it will provide a source of income for the country and for the people, and it will be more attractive among foreign travelers. There is increasing evidence that medical tourists seek medical travel facilitators' help and manage medical tourism. In medical tourism, these facilitators play a significant role as moderators in engaging the prospective patients in one country and medical facilities elsewhere. To date, the literature in medical tourism has focused almost exclusively on patients and health care providers. However, little is known empirically concerning the importance of medical travel facilitators and their contributions to the medical tourism industry. Hence, medical travel facilitators' moderating and programing role needs to be explored due to the rising number of medical tourists. This paper discusses the roles of health tourism facilitators. It is categorized into three steps: pre-travel, on-travel, and post-travel. Medical tourism facilitator plays a significant role in shaping the future of medical care globally. Patients are increasingly choosing to travel abroad for essential but non-urgent medical treatments, such as hip and heart valve replacements. Websites are frequently the first contact point with potential international service providers, such as medical travel agencies (MTAs). Services provided by the medical travel facilitators can be a standalone or a form of partnership integration. Due to safe travel needs reliable informational sources like tourism facilitators, the present study aims to present a three-step framework of facilitators' role in developing health tourism in Isfahan. Moreover, concerning treatment costs in Iran are lower than in many countries around the Persian Gulf, Iran is chosen as one of the destinations for medical tourists. Methodology The present study is a practical research in terms of purpose. It also is considered as a survey from a research methodology view. The statistical population of this study includes managers of health tourism in the city of Isfahan. A sample of 87 managers has been selected using snowball sampling method. A researcher-developed questionnaire has been used for collecting the research data. Finally, 66 questionnaires have been collected and used in the final statistical analyses. The questionnaire validity and reliability have already been investigated and confirmed. Binomial tests and sign tests are the main statistical tests applied to analyze the research data in the SPSS software program. Results and Discussion Based on the findings of this study, the health tourism facilitators roles include 30 items that 16 ones are done in the pre-travel step, 8 ones are done in the on-travel step, and 6 ones are done in the post-travel step. Based on another part of our results, pre-travel roles are the most important ones and post-travel roles are the least important ones. Moreover, our results revealed that travel planning is the most important role of facilitators, and there are a few studies in the post-travel step and more needs to be done. The important role in pre-travel is travel planning and the low importance is belonging to preparing travel packages. In the on-travel steps, the essential role is to help use the possibilities at the destination. In the post-travel steps, offering suggestions for improving health and treatment is the most important and solves the patient's problems after coming back. Conclusions Our findings revealed that the roles of health tourism facilitators could be categorized into three levels, including pre-travel, on-travel, and post-travel. Identifying roles can help the development of this industry, because if individuals or companies want to work in this industry, they will enter with full knowledge and more awareness. The pre-travel roles include travel planning, negotiation with service providers, political guidance and physician consulting, therapy coordination, patient promotional efforts, linking patients to therapy teams, helping tourists in findings hospitals, traveling help, privacy affairs, evaluation of physicians and hospitals, helping in destination choice, transportation planning, elimination of waiting lines, and visa affairs. The on-travel roles include helping in destination services uses, pre-therapy affairs, helping in tourism affairs, physician-patient relationships management, social and cultural relationships management, safe environment, qualified maintenance, timeliness and value of services, and translation services. The post-travel roles include post-travel suggestions, potential responsibilities of therapy, after-therapy efforts, solving patient problems in his/her country, evaluation of patient approbation, and therapy quality. ازآنجاکه یک سفر مطمئن برای درمان و یا پیشگیری از بیماری، نیازمند به حضور منبعی مطلع در زمینه مقاصد و کشورهای مناسب و مجهز می‌باشد (تسهیلگران گردشگری پزشکی)، در این پژوهش سعی در ارائه چارچوب نقش‌های تسهیلگران گردشگری پزشکی که زیرشاخه گردشگری سلامت است، در مراحل قبل، حین و بعد از سفر بیمار شده است. پژوهش حاضر ازنظر هدف کاربردی و روش جمع‌آوری داده‌های پژوهش پیمایشی، و جامعه آماری شامل فعالان حوزه گردشگری پزشکی شهر اصفهان بوده و تعداد نمونه 78 نفر از اساتید دانشگاه‌ها، پزشکان، کارکنان سازمان گردشگری، آژانس‌های گردشگری و هتل‌های موجود در شهر اصفهان بوده است که درنهایت 66 پرسشنامه محقق ساخته جمع‌آوری گردیده است. روایی با استفاده از تجربه خبرگان متخصص و پایایی پرسشنامه نیز با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ مورد تائید قرارگرفته است. تحلیل داده‌ها، با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی و به کمک نرم‌افزار spss و آزمون‌های دوجمله‌ای، علامت و آنتروپی شانون صورت گرفته و یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داده است که نقش‌های تسهیلگران گردشگری پزشکی قبل از سفر شامل برنامه‌ریزی، مذاکره با ارائه‌دهندگان خدمات، راهنمایی قانونی و مشاوره با پزشک، هماهنگی مربوط به درمان، فعالیت‌های ترویجی برای جذب بیمار، اتصال بیمار به کادر درمانی، کمک به یافتن مرکز درمانی، انجام سفر و انتخاب مقصد، رعایت حریم خصوصی، بررسی مشروعیت پزشکان و مراکز درمانی، برنامه‌ریزی برای حمل‌ونقل، حذف لیست انتظار طولانی، ویزا و در حین سفر، شامل راهنمایی برای بهره‌مندی از امکانات مقصد، امور پیش از درمان، گردش در مقصد، ملاقات با پزشک، برقراری روابط فرهنگی و اجتماعی، ایجاد محیط نقاهت، مراقبت باکیفیت، به‌صرفه و به‌موقع، مترجمی، در مرحله بعد از سفر، مطرح کردن پیشنهادهایی برای بهداشت مبدأ، بر عهده گرفتن مسئولیت آسیب‌های احتمالی بعد از بازگشت، ادامه درمان در خانه، حل مشکلات بیمار در مبدأ، ارزیابی رضایت بیمار و کیفیت درمان بوده است.

https://jut.ut.ac.ir/article_87231_5c3b7b75770ae663e1cd1418884bdadd.pdf

دانشکده جغرافیا- دانشگاه تهران نشریه گردشگری شهری 2423-6926 9 3 2022 10 23 Explaining the Role of Urban Management Components on Tourism Development (Case Study: Tabriz metropolis) تبیین نقش مولفه های مدیریت شهری بر توسعه گردشگری (مطالعه موردی: کلانشهر تبریز) 63 77 87163 10.22059/jut.2022.339693.1019 FA غلامحسین کریمی دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت گردشگری، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ تهران، تهران، ایران. علی حسنی دانشیار گروه مدیریت گردشگری، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ تهران، تهران، ایران. منوچهر جهانیان استادیار گروه مدیریت گردشگری، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2022 02 27 Extended Abstract Introduction One of the activities developed after the second half of the twentieth century, following factors such as globalization, the development of capitalism, the growth of means of transportation, and the development of technological communications, is tourism. In fact, the development of the tourism industry has significant benefits compared to the development of other types of industries. As a result, most regions around the world are competing with each other to enjoy its benefits, especially the high share of revenue as well as the increase in employment resulting from the development of this service industry. Therefore, planners and managers of various destinations have taken steps to meet this demand and also to continue to be competitive in order to benefit from all available and accessible tourism resources. In the meantime, one of the keys and influential factors in utilizing tourism capacities and organizing destinations, especially urban destinations, is urban management. The development of urban tourism with the promotion of quantitative and qualitative dimensions and with maximum efficiency is closely related to the good urban management in using effective methods of organizing and managing this industry in cities. Thus, the present study seeks to identify and investigate the effective components of urban management and its role in the tourism development of Tabriz metropolis and answer the following question: -What is the role of urban management components on tourism development? Methodology The present research is practical and, in terms of content and method, is in the category of descriptive-analytical research. The required information was collected through library and field methods. In this way, theoretical concepts were first explained in order to clarify the issue. Then, for a more coherent and efficient discussion of the region, the components of urban management (four components) and tourism development (three components) were collected in accordance with the literature and theoretical foundations and experts. The statistical population of the present study includes experts and specialists in the field of tourism, geography, and urban management, and the volume of the statistical sample in this research was calculated through Sample Power software equal to 100 people. The sampling method is also simple random. SPSS and Smart PLS software programs have been exerted in order to study descriptive statistics and analyze the collected data to discover the effect of each factor on the dependent variable of tourism development, respectively. Result and discussion According to the results, it was clarified that among the components of urban management, integration between urban institutions with a coefficient of 0.698, urban infrastructure with a coefficient of 0.529, urban services and facilities with a coefficient of 0.296, and financial and human resources with a coefficient of 0.106 have the most significant impact on tourism development, respectively. Also, based on the results, the most manifestation of the components of urban management in tourism development can be seen in the dimensions of socio-cultural with a coefficient of 0.867, economic with a coefficient of 0.700, environmental with a coefficient of 0.594. Conclusion In the present study, its main purpose was to identify the components of urban management and explain the role of each component on tourism development. After reviewing the existing theoretical foundations, four dimensions of urban infrastructure, tourism services and facilities, integration of urban institutions, and financial and human resources for urban management were extracted. Also, three socio-cultural, economic, and environmental dimensions were considered for tourism development. Then, in order to explain and investigate the impact of each component of urban management on tourism development, Smart-PLS software was employed. According to the results, it was found that the components of urban management have a positive and significant effect on the development of tourism in Tabriz so that the integration of urban institutions (0.698), urban infrastructure (0.529), urban services and facilities (0.296) and financial and human resources (0.106) have the greatest impact on tourism development, respectively. Are. These results indicate the importance of integration between urban institutions among the components of urban management to achieve more significant tourism development among experts and specialists in the field of tourism and geography and urban management. Moreover, the most manifestation of the use of urban management components in tourism development in accordance with the results can be seen in the socio-cultural dimension, which includes items such as a sense of belonging to the host community, increased satisfaction and security, increased cultural and social activities, ease of access, diversity of uses. Finally, it is suggested that based on integrated urban management and attracting local and national investments, in addition to training specialized human resources, Tabriz metropolis can take more steps towards tourism prosperity and, consequently, urban sustainability. Keywords: Urban Management, Tourism Development, Tabriz Metropolis, Structural Equations, Smart-PLS. هرچند که گردشگری شهری پدیده ای نوظهور نیست اما امروزه، به دلیل رقابت مابین کشورهای مختلف، مسائل اقتصادی و تغییر و تحول در تقاضای گردشگران بیش از پیش مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این بین به منظور سازمان دهی مقاصد گردشگری شهری برای کسب حداکثر منافع با حفظ منابع، ضروری است مدیریت شهری با تحقق مولفه های موثر خود، گام اساسی بردارد. برهمین اساس، پژوهش حاضر به دنبال شناسایی مولفه های مدیریت شهری و سپس تبیین نقش هر کدام بر تحقق هرچه بیشتر و کارآمدتر توسعه گردشگری در کلانشهر تبریز است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل خبرگان و متخصصین گردشگری، جغرافیا و مدیریت شهری است که با بهره گیری از نرم افزار Sample Power، تعداد 100 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه تعیین گردد. روش نمونه گیری نیز تصادفی ساده است. به منظور تحلیل تأثیر هریک از مولفه های مدیریت شهری بر توسعه گردشگری نیز از نرم افزار Smart PLS بهره گرفته شد. پس از بررسی مبانی نظری، چهار بُعد زیرساخت های شهری، خدمات و تسهیلات گردشگری، یکپارچگی نهادهای شهری و منابع مالی و انسانی برای مدیریت شهری استخراج گردید. همچنین، سه بُعد اجتماعی فرهنگی، اقتصادی و زیست محیطی نیز برای توسعه گردشگری در نظر گرفته شد. در نهایت این نتیجه کسب گردید که در بین مولفه های مدیریت شهری، یکپارچگی مابین نهادهای شهری با ضریب 698/0، زیرساخت های شهری با ضریب 529/0، خدمات و تسهیلات شهری با ضریب 296/0 و منابع مالی و انسانی با ضریب 106/0 به ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر توسعۀ گردشگری دارند. همچنین، بیشترین نمود تحقق مولفه های مدیریت شهری در توسعه گردشگری، در بُعدهای اجتماعی فرهنگی با ضریب 867/0، اقتصادی با ضریب 700/0، زیست محیطی با ضریب 594/0 قابل مشاهده است. بنابراین، پیشنهاد می شود برمبنای مدیریت یکپارچه شهری به علاوه آموزش نیروی متخصص، کلانشهر تبریز می تواند در جهت رونق گردشگری گام بردارد.

https://jut.ut.ac.ir/article_87163_2409428dd070b61c35b2efdee293b4ce.pdf

دانشکده جغرافیا- دانشگاه تهران نشریه گردشگری شهری 2423-6926 9 3 2022 10 23 Identifying the Tourism Industry Key Forces based on Strategic Scenario Planning (Case Study: Mako Free Zone) شناسایی پیشران‌های کلیدی صنعت گردشگری مبتنی بر برنامه‌ریزی راهبردی سناریویی مطالعه موردی: منطقه آزاد ماکو 79 102 90472 10.22059/jut.2022.342897.1039 FA محمد کواکبی گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد مرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرند، ایران کریم حسین زاده دلیر گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد مرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرند، ایران علی آذر گروه شهرسازی و معماری، واحد مراغه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مراغه، ایران Journal Article 2022 05 26 A B S T R A C T In the present study, first, trends and macro-processes affecting the tourism sector in the region in relation to the internal and external environment were examined, and after extracting the key drivers, the situation was forecasted. In order to identify the factors by studying the opinions of experts in the field, four categories of human, organizational, physical and economic factors were grouped and then using the Delphi technique and obtaining the votes of 21 experts, the sub-components of the tourism industry were identified. In this research, the matrix method of cross-effects resulting from positivism and Delphi technique resulting from positivism and combining quantitative and qualitative analysis resulting from the participatory method have been used. In the first part, Micmac software and ScenarioWizard software are used and the believable modes and separation of scenarios and the range of desirable three to crisis in the boom of the tourism industry were identified with a futuristic approach. In the second part, by identifying external factors using PESTLE analysis in the software environment, opportunities and threats in economic, social, political, technological, legal and environmental dimensions are grouped and using the results of environmental assessment and recognition of the current situation, to present scenarios. Probably studied and by testing these scenarios, the best scenarios were selected to achieve the defined goals. According to the results, 3 drivers of commercialization policy and removal of economic, administrative and political barriers (HP1), political security and stability (GJ1) and marketing, identification and advertising (SP6) and public investment (GI5) in the first place of direct and indirect influence and 3 The drivers of production technology (L5), tax rate, cost and price level (L6) and domestic economic fluctuations (T1) are in the first place of direct and indirect impact. Based on the data analysis, 8 strong scenarios, 18 plausible scenarios and 4334 weak scenarios were identified, and finally 13 reasonable scenarios for planning and policy making were provided to the research. In the final section, by reviewing and enumerating the goals in 7 general headings, 15 factors and 51 key drivers, a 10-year vision was drawn. According to the results, among the factors affecting the tourism industry, 5 high-level priorities include; Political security and stability, commercialization strategies, removal of economic, administrative and political barriers, participatory and cross-sectoral participation, decision-making process and participation of stakeholders and macro-processes with negative impact such as the quality of tourism business systems, media and advertising, climate change and mitigation Biological resources, economic fluctuations and trade barriers are significant. Findings show that the knowledge provided by stakeholders active in the tourism system can be useful for planning and managing tourism destinations. در مطالعه حاضر ابتدا، روندها و کلان روندهای اثرگذار بر بخش گردشگری منطقه در ارتباط با محیط داخل و خارج مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و پس از استخراج پیشران‌های کلیدی اقدام به آینده‌نگاری وضعیت شد. به‌منظور شناسایی عوامل با مطالعه نظرات کارشناسان حوزه، چهار دسته عوامل انسانی، سازمانی، فیزیکی و اقتصادی گروه‌بندی و سپس با به‌کارگیری تکنیک دلفی و اخذ آرای 21 نفر خبره، زیر مؤلفه‌های صنعت گردشگری شناسایی شدند. در این پژوهش از روش ماتریس اثرات متقاطع منتج از اثبات‌گرایی و تکنیک دلفی منتج از اثبات‌گرایی و تلفیق تحلیل کمی و کیفی منتج از روش مشارکتی استفاده شده است. مطابق نتایج، 3 پیشران سیاست تجاری‌سازی و حذف موانع اقتصادی، اداری و سیاسی (HP1)، امنیت و ثبات سیاسی (GJ1) و بازاریابی، شناسایی و تبلیغات (SP6) و سرمایه‌گذاری دولتی (GI5) در رتبه اول تأثیرگذاری مستقیم و غیرمستقیم و 3 پیشران فناوری تولید (L5)، نرخ مالیات، هزینه و سطح قیمت‌ها (L6) و نوسانات اقتصادی داخل (T1) در رتبه اول اثرپذیری مستقیم و غیرمستقیم قرار گرفته‌اند. بر اساس تحلیل داده‌ها، 8 سناریوی قوی، 18 سناریوی باورکردنی و 4334 سناریوی ضعیف مشخص شد که نهایتاً تعداد 13 سناریو معقول برای برنامه‌ریزی و سیاست‌گذاری در اختیار پژوهش قرار گرفت. در بخش نهایی با تدقیق و احصاء اهداف در 7 سرفصل کلی، 15 عامل و 51 پیشران کلیدی چشم‌انداز ۱۰ساله ترسیم شد. مطابق نتایج، از میان عوامل اثرگذار بر صنعت گردشگری، 5 اولویت سطح بالا شامل؛ امنیت و ثبات سیاسی، راهبردهای تجاری‌سازی، حذف موانع اقتصادی، اداری و سیاسی، مشارکت و همکاری بخشی و فرابخشی، فرایند تصمیم‌سازی و مشارکت ذی‌نفعان و کلان روندهای با اثرگذاری منفی همچون کیفیت نظام‌های کسب‌وکار گردشگری، رسانه و تبلیغات، اثر تغییر اقلیم و کاهش منابع زیستی، نوسانات اقتصادی و موانع تجاری قابل‌توجه هستند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که دانش ارائه شده توسط ذی‌نفعان فعال در سیستم گردشگری می‌تواند برای برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت مقاصد گردشگری مفید باشد.

https://jut.ut.ac.ir/article_90472_7d2d6e26b8044c63eb67ae9caefb0fb6.pdf

دانشکده جغرافیا- دانشگاه تهران نشریه گردشگری شهری 2423-6926 9 3 2022 10 23 Design of Tourism Entrepreneurship Model in Pandemic Crises The Case Study of East and West Azerbaijan Provinces طراحی مدل کارآفرینی گردشگری در بحران‌های پاندمیک مطالعه موردی: استان‌های آذربایجان شرقی و غربی 103 117 90474 10.22059/jut.2022.332529.967 FA مسلم سلیمان پور گروه مدیریت بازرگانی دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران محمدتقی امینی گروه مدیریت بازرگانی دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران یزدان شیرمحمدی گروه مدیریت بازرگانی دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران علی شاه نظری گروه مدیریت بازرگانی دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2022 05 26 A B S T R A C T Although crises are normal events in tourism, many destinations have been built under the influence of natural and human crises, however, any event that threatens the natural functioning of the destination and disrupts the conduct of business related to tourism, or is a threat to the safety of tourists, requires Appropriate reaction and control of the situation. The current research was conducted to design the model of tourism entrepreneurship in pandemic crises (case study: Covid-19). The research was done qualitatively and with the foundation's data approach. The statistical population of the research is university experts and managers and activists of the tourism industry in East and West Azerbaijan provinces, 18 people were selected using purposeful and theoretical sampling until reaching information saturation, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect data. After conducting interviews and collecting information, the codes obtained in different sections were analyzed using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin and the paradigm model, and the final model was obtained by the researcher after three stages of open, central and selective coding. The final model consists of a total of 66 concepts extracted from the interviews, in the form of 14 categories and contextual categories, causal conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and finally, the consequences and results of tourism entrepreneurship in pandemic crises. Each of these conditions and factors that make up the model has variables and categories that, if strategies such as virtual tourism development, and crisis management in the tourism industry are adopted; The development of domestic tourism by emphasizing compliance with health protocols and focusing on the development of tourism infrastructure, leads to the realization of consequences such as the preservation and prosperity of tourism businesses; Strengthening the tourism industry and creating a new tourism market for the post-corona era. Extended Abstract Introduction During the last half-century, tourism as an economic and social activity has grown and developed significantly and is considered a complex and expanding activity and an effective medicine to improve conditions’ living, employment, and culture. According to many experts, tourism is a part of a country's economy that is primarily related to entrepreneurial activities; because tourism is an industry that improves people's lives by creating foreign exchange income, creating jobs, and balanced income distribution at the regional and local level. In other words, this industry has much potential to create many small businesses and can help develop employment. At the beginning of 2020, while the tourism industry was trying to analyze and plan proposals based on traveler behavior worldwide, on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus (Covid-19) a pandemic. The virus first started in Wuhan, China, but quickly spread to other parts of the world due to limited testing capacity in some countries. Due to tourist attractions, Iran has not been spared from this damage, and an important part of the domestic and foreign tourism industry has suffered. Therefore, in the present study, the researcher intends to adopt an entrepreneurial approach to the presentation of the tourism entrepreneurship model in pandemic crises (Covid 19) and answer the main questions as following: 1) What is the tourism entrepreneurship model in pandemic crises (Case study: Covid-19)? 2) What factors influence the formation of this model? Methodology The present study is part of qualitative and fundamental researches in terms of method and purpose, respectively. The data foundation theory method has been used to extract the theory. In order to collect data in the present study, in-depth semi-structured interviews have been used. The statistical population of the study is academic experts and managers and activists of the tourism industry in West and East Azerbaijan who were selected using purposive and theoretical sampling. After conducting 14 semi-structured interviews, the data analysis reached theoretical saturation in the present study, but we continued until interview 18 to ensure and obtain valid data. Results and discussion After conducting interviews and collecting information, the obtained codes in different sections were analyzed using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin. After performing the three open, axial, and selective coding steps, the researcher obtained the final model. The final model consists of 66 concepts extracted from the interviews, in the form of 14 categories and contextual categories, causal conditions, interventionist conditions, strategies, and finally, the consequences and results of tourism entrepreneurship in pandemic crises. Causal conditions: These factors indicate the reasons for the occurrence of the phenomenon under study. The main category in this research is the design of the tourism business model with an entrepreneurial approach in crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic, and this central category has emerged under a series of causal conditions. Four categories of demand reduction for services, tourism products due to the outbreak of the disease, the need to adhere to health protocols caused by the epidemic, reduced people's purchasing power, and environmental and legal constraints were identified as causal factors in the proposed model. Contextual conditions: These factors include the contexts affecting the formation of tourism with an entrepreneurial approach. In this study, three categories of basic infrastructure for the development of tourism services, the culture and public determination of the community in preventing the corona and the integration of the tourism industry supply chain, and the potential and resilience of businesses in the industry were classified according to contextual conditions. Intervening conditions: These conditions refer to those factors that indirectly affect the development of tourism with an entrepreneurial approach in pandemic crises (Covid-19). In this study, two factors of epidemic severity and investment risk during the disease outbreak were identified in the category of intervening factors. Strategies: Include reactions and interactions to deal with the central category (phenomenon). In this study, there are three strategies categories of using and developing IT-based tools for smart travel, crisis management in the tourism industry, and promoting domestic travel according to health protocols to boost domestic tourism. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, the correct implementation of the proposed strategies leads to the realization of three main consequences of maintaining and prosperity of tourism businesses, strengthening the tourism industry, and creating a new tourism market for the post-corona era. Despite the post-Corona pandemic constraints, there are unprecedented opportunities for re-use of the tourism industry. Unrepeatable opportunities for redevelopment, in accordance with the principles of sustainability that eliminate dark aspects. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. هرچند بحرانها در گردشگری اتفاقات معمولی هستند، بسیاری از مقاصد تحت‌تأثیر بحرانهای طبیعی و انسانی ساخته‌شده است، بااین‌حال هرگونه رخدادی که عملکرد طبیعی مقصد را تهدید و انجام کسب‌وکار مرتبط با گردشگری را مختل نماید و یا تهدیدی برای ایمنی گردشگران باشد، نیازمند واکنش مناسب و کنترل شرایط است. پژوهش حاضر باهدف طراحی الگوی کارآفرینی گردشگری در بحران‌های پاندمیک (موردمطالعه: کووید 19)، انجام‌شده است. تحقیق به‌صورت کیفی و با رویکرد داده بنیاد انجام شد. جامعه آماری تحقیق خبرگان دانشگاهی و مدیران و فعالان صنعت گردشگری در استان‌های آذربایجان شرقی و غربی می‌باشند که با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری هدف‌مند و نظری 18 نفر تا حد رسیدن به اشباع اطلاعاتی انتخاب شدند و جهت گردآوری داده‌ها از مصاحبه عمیق نیمهساختاریافته استفاده گردید. پس از انجام مصاحبه‌ها و جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، کدهای به‌دست‌آمده در بخش‌های مختلف، با استفاده از رهیافت نظام‌مند اﺳﺘﺮاوس و کﻮرﺑیﻦ و ﻣﺪل ﭘﺎرادایمی، تجزیه‌وتحلیل شده و پس از انجام مراحل سه‌گانه کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی، مدل نهایی توسط پژوهشگر به‌دست‌آمده است. مدل نهایی از مجموع 66 مفهوم استخراج‌شده از مصاحبه‌ها، در قالب 14 طبقه و مقوله زمینه‌ای، شرایط علّی، شرایط مداخله‌گر، راهبردها و درنهایت، پیامدها و نتایج حاصل از کارآفرینی گردشگری در بحران‌های پاندمیک تشکیل‌شده است. هرکدام از این شرایط و عوامل تشکیل‌دهنده مدل دارای متغیرها و مقوله‌هایی هستند که در صورت اتخاذ راهبردهایی چون توسعه گردشگری مجازی، مدیریت بحران در صنعت گردشگری؛ توسعه گردشگری داخلی با تأکید بر رعایت پروتکل‌های بهداشتی و تمرکز بر توسعه زیرساختهای گردشگری، منجر به تحقق پیامدهایی چون حفظ و رونق کسب‌وکارهای گردشگری؛ تقویت صنعت گردشگری و خلق بازار جدید گردشگری برای دوران پساکرونا، میگردد.

https://jut.ut.ac.ir/article_90474_f60fd583207899d7449bf0a7f6d6a949.pdf

دانشکده جغرافیا- دانشگاه تهران نشریه گردشگری شهری 2423-6926 9 3 2022 11 21 Explaining the factors affecting tourists' loyalty to urban tourism destinations (Case study: Khoy city) بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر وفاداری گردشگران به مقاصد گردشگری شهری مطالعه موردی: شهر خوی 119 135 90470 10.22059/jut.2022.336605.993 FA آرام خضرلو گروه معماری، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران Journal Article 2022 05 26 A B S T R A C T Loyalty to the tourist destination is one of the critical challenges in tourism development. Tourist satisfaction is one of the necessary conditions for the success of the tourism industry; If it creates long-term benefits, it is the foundation of tourists' loyalty. Therefore, the present study was developed to investigate the factors affecting the loyalty of tourists to urban tourism destinations using the interpretive structural model approach. In terms of results, this research is considered part of applied research; Because it seeks to design a structural interpretative analysis model of factors affecting tourists' loyalty to tourist destinations. In terms of the purpose of conducting this research, it is part of applied research. The research approach of this study is inductive-deductive in terms of data collection logic. The statistical population was university professors and experts in the desired subject area, and 20 university professors and experts in the field of research were selected to conduct the research. The results of the implementation of the ISM model showed that the desired model includes five levels. The most influential is the fifth level. The fifth level had the most factors, which includes the factors of the quality of the behaviour of the host community, cultural values and customs, the variety of tourist attractions and the quality of services. Also, the results of the implementation of the Mik-Mac model showed that among the investigated factors, 4 factors were included in the driving cluster, 4 elements were included in the connected cluster, and 2 factors were included in the dependent cluster Extended Abstract Introduction Considering that the loyalty of tourists makes them revisit the destination, recommend the destination to others, and encourage friends and acquaintances to visit it, therefore, a proper evaluation of the factors affecting the loyalty of tourists in retaining tourists, developing tourism marketing strategies, followed by the sustainable development of tourism, has a significant impact, which can also cause the economic prosperity of the tourism destination. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and identify these factors and stimuli in different studies. With its many historical, cultural, and natural attractions and special geographical location, Khoy city can play a powerful role in attracting tourists and developing the tourism industry. Considering suitable and important historical-cultural potentials such as Shams Tomb, which have made an area prone to tourism development, the existence of such valuable historical attractions in this city can make it one of the province's and country's tourism hubs. So, the efforts, cooperation, and coordination of all institutions can develop historical-cultural tourism in this province and city. The research seeks to answer the following questions regarding the role and importance of tourists' loyalty in word-of-mouth advertising and marketing in the direction of tourism development: -What are the factors affecting tourists' loyalty? and -What is its structural and interpretive model? Methodology In terms of results, this research is considered part of applied research because it seeks to design a structural interpretive analysis model of factors affecting the loyalty of tourists to tourist destinations. In terms of the purpose of conducting this research, it is part of applied research. In fact, the research approach of this study is inductive-deductive in terms of the logic of data collection; for this purpose, first, by examining the theoretical and theoretical foundations of the research, the factors affecting the loyalty of tourists were identified, and based on the analogical approach, it was tried to design the important and influencing factors on the loyalty of tourists to tourist destinations based on the interpretative structural modeling method. The tool for gathering information is a questionnaire based on an interpretive structural model. The statistical population was university professors and experts in the desired subject area, who were selected by purposive sampling. It should be mentioned the targeted sample is divided into two categories: quota and judgmental sampling. In this research, judgmental sampling was exerted. Therefore, in this research, 20 university professors and experts in the field of research were selected from the purposeful judgmental sampling to conduct the research. Also, in order to answer the research questions, structural-interpretive modeling technique was used in MATLAB software environment. Results and discussion The findings of this research showed that the research model consists of five levels. The fifth is the most influential level, including four factors such as quality of behavior of the host community, cultural values and customs, variety of tourist attractions, and quality of services. This level directly affects the factors of the fourth level, which is the city's identity. The fourth level also directly affects the third level, which includes the perceived value, reputation, and credibility of the destination. The third level affects the second level factors, which include the two components of the destination image and place attachment. Finally, the second level affects the first level, which consists of the satisfaction with the destination. The results of the MICMAC analysis of the identified factors showed that in the first area (independent cluster), none of the identified factors were placed in this area; in the second area (dependent cluster), factors of satisfaction with the destination, and the image of the destination were located; in the third area (linked cluster) the factors of place attachment, perceived value, city identity, and reputation and credibility of the destination were placed. In the fourth cluster (stimulator cluster), the factors of the quality of behavior of the host community, the quality of tourism infrastructure and services, cultural values and customs, and the variety of tourist attractions were placed. These factors have a strong influence and low dependency, and to create more tourists' loyalty to tourism destinations, these should be a priority. Conclusion This research aimed to design an interpretive structural model of the factors affecting tourists' loyalty to tourist destinations using the ISM approach. Therefore, to achieve the goals considered in this research, it was tried to examine the layers affecting the tourists' loyalty to tourism destinations after identifying the factors through the formation of the achievement matrix. The fifth level is the most influential, which includes the four factors such as the quality of the behavior of the host community, cultural values and customs, the variety of tourist attractions, and the quality of services. In explaining the results of this section, it can be said that when tourists perceive a service's performance and the host community's behavior as equal to or beyond their expectations, they will be satisfied. As international tourists, they will have a positive image in their mind. The quality of behavior of the host community can be effective in choosing or not choosing a special destination for tourists. Therefore, the host society includes two groups of local people (workers and citizens). These people are among the important factors in attracting. This type of strategic approach in the field of urban tourism has forced many companies to evaluate the quality of the behavior of the host community as a brand in competitive conditions. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. وفاداری به مقصد گردشگری یکی از چالش‌های کلیدی در توسعه گردشگری است. درواقع رضایتمندی گردشگر که یکی از شروط لازم برای موفقیت صنعت گردشگری است؛ در صورتی منافع بلندمدت ایجاد میکند که زمینه‌ساز وفاداری گردشگران باشد. ازاین‌رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر وفاداری گردشگران به مقاصد گردشگری شهری با استفاده از رویکرد مدل ساختاری تفسیری تدوین شد. این پژوهش از نظر نتیجه، جزء تحقیقات کاربردی قلمداد می‌گردد؛ زیرا به دنبال طراحی مدل تحلیل تفسیری ساختاری عوامل مؤثر بر وفاداری گردشگران به مقاصد گردشگری می‌باشد. از لحاظ هدف انجام این تحقیق جزء تحقیقات کاربردی است. در واقع رویکرد پژوهشی این مطالعه به لحاظ منطق گردآوری داده‌ها از نوع استقراء - قیاسی است. جامعه آماری، اساتید دانشگاهی و خبرگان حوزه موضوع موردنظر بود که به روش نمونهگیری هدف‌مند 20 نفر از اساتید دانشگاه‌ها و متخصصین عرصه پژوهش به‌منظور انجام پژوهش انتخاب شده‌اند. نتایج حاصل از پیاده‌سازی مدل ISM نشان داد که مدل موردنظر دربرگیرنده پنج سطح است. تأثیرگذارترین، سطح پنجم میباشد. سطح پنجم دارای بیشترین عامل بود که در برگیرنده عوامل کیفیت رفتار جامعه میزبان، ارزشهای فرهنگی و آداب‌ورسوم، تنوع جاذبههای گردشگری و کیفیت خدمات را شامل میشود. همچنین نتایج حاصل از پیاده‌سازی مدل میک مک نشان داد که از بین عوامل مورد بررسی 4 عامل در خوشه محرک، 4 عامل در خوشه پیوندی و 2 عامل در خوشه وابسته قرار گرفتند.

https://jut.ut.ac.ir/article_90470_aec1875decabe080814e57f4ef0e3156.pdf