دانشکده جغرافیا- دانشگاه تهران نشریه گردشگری شهری 2423-6926 12 4 2025 12 20 Providing a tourism development model with emphasis on the happy city approach Case example: Yazd city ارائه الگوی توسعه گردشگری با تأکید بر رویکرد شهر شاد مطالعه موردی: شهر یزد 1 24 98575 10.22059/jut.2024.373417.1194 FA پریوش اورکی گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران 0000-0002-4136-9790 محمدرضا رضایی گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران 0000-0002-6721-3014 Journal Article 2025 07 03 A B S T R A C T The benefits of tourism for host communities, especially in developing countries, have been proven to be an important tool for development because they have a positive impact on employment opportunities, GDP, business development, sustainable growth, etc. When deciding on the choice of a tourist destination, many variables are influential, including the knowledge of the residents of the destination and the experience of other tourists from that destination. For this reason, the aim of the current research is to present a model of tourism development with an emphasis on the happy city approach in Yazd city, and its research method is a survey type in the descriptive-analytical region. In the process of presenting this model and in order to achieve the actual and potential factors in Yazd city, first, the indicators of the happy city and the development of tourism were identified through interviews as a means of collecting qualitative information (thematic analysis), then by developing a questionnaire, the situation of the indicators of happy city (400 citizens) and tourism development (400 tourists) were investigated in the study area. Finally, with the connection between the happy city and tourism development, the tourism development model is presented with an emphasis on the happy city approach. Extended Abstract Introduction In 2015, the tourism industry accounted for 9.9% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and is arguably the largest industry in the world, which has surpassed powerful industries such as oil, food, and automobiles. The increasing and accelerating growth of this industry has caused many experts to consider the 21st century as the century of tourism. Also, the benefits of tourism for host communities, especially in developing countries, have been proven as an important tool for development because employment opportunities, GDP business development, sustainable growth, ect. have a positive effect. Therefore, the tourism industry, especially urban tourism, has a special place in the economy of countries. However, even though tourism is one of the most important areas of life and the happiness of tourists is one of the main factors of tourism development, these influencing factors have not yet been identified in the destination. Also, very little attention has been paid to the influence of urban spaces (happy cities) in tourism development. Thus, by applying the philosophy of happiness to tourist destinations identifying and strengthening the factors affecting the happiness of tourists, it is hoped that more tourists will be present in these spaces. Therefore, urban planners try to have a lively and happy city by examining the impact of urban spaces on its residents and visitors. For this reason, providing a happy city has become one of the main reasons for urban management systems, especially in developed countries. So, providing lively and attractive environments and spaces along with happy citizens is very important for the sustainability of tourism destinations to meet the primary and secondary expectations of tourists and the resulting financial benefits. The case study in this research is the city of Yazd, located in the middle of the central plateau of Iran and at the crossroads of the country's main roads. Its historical context was registered as one of Iran's national works in 2004. Also, due to its valuable historical architecture and intact traditional texture, it was registered in the UNESCO World Heritage List in July 2016. Statistics and comparison information between the golden tourism triangle of Iran (Isfahan, Shiraz, and Yazd) in terms of incoming foreign tourists (Shiraz 281 Isfahan 195, and Yazd 60 in 2013; Shiraz 288, Isfahan 250, and Yazd 66 in 2015; and Shiraz 392, Isfahan 351, and Yazd 113 in 2016) show that Isfahan and Shiraz with more than 350 thousand incoming foreign tourists in 2015, while having a close competition with each other, have attracted three times as many tourists as Yazd (113 thousand people) (Cultural Heritage Organization, 2016 ). This statistic shows that compared to the other two cities, Yazd still lacks the capacity to attract tourists. One of the reasons may be the level of happiness reported in internal research. For this reason, the current research aims to provide a model for tourism development with an emphasis on the happy city of Yazd city. It seeks to answer the question: - What type of model is the optimal model for tourism development, emphasizing the happy city for Yazd? Methodology Its research method is a survey type in the descriptive-analytical area. In the process of presenting this model and in order to achieve the actual and potential factors in Yazd, first, the indicators of the happy city and the development of tourism were identified through interviews as a means of collecting qualitative information (thematic analysis), then by developing a questionnaire, The status of indicators of happy city (400 citizens) and tourism development (400 tourists) were investigated in the study area. Finally, with the connection between the happy city and tourism development, the tourism development model is presented with an emphasis on the happy city approach. Results and discussion In this part, according to the combination of qualitative (results from in-depth interviews) and quantitative (results from questionnaires), the optimal tourism development model in Yazd with the Happy city approach has been discussed. After the factors affecting tourism development and the happy city were extracted using theoretical literature and in-depth interviews with experts, two questionnaires were prepared for citizens living in Yazd and domestic and foreign tourists. Tourism and happy cities in the study area were determined through descriptive statistics (percentage and average) and inferential t-test of a sample with a theoretical average of 3). In the next stage, the path analysis results show a significant relationship between tourism development and the dimensions of the happy city with the mediating variable of happy residents. Also, the Pearson test results showed a significant relationship between tourism development and a happy city. Therefore, for the tourism development of Yazd city with the happy city approach, in addition to strengthening the actual effective factors (strengths), it is necessary to strengthen the potential effective factors in this city (which have been identified through in-depth interviews based on theoretical literature) based on their importance in the program plans should be considered. Conclusion Reviewing the background of the research has shown that the happy destination as an influential factor in the development of tourism has only been the work of Chen and Lee (2018), which did not mention any of the dimensions of the happy city, only examining the tourists' image of the Swiss destination with indicators such as value the understanding of the destination, tourism services, satisfaction, and tourist experience have been discussed, which overlap to some extent with the requirements and tourist attractions of the present research. What makes this study different from the current research, in addition to the difference in the population of residents and tourists (a happy destination from the perspective of residents and tourists), is in the research method that tourism development indicators are extracted only based on theoretical literature and the relationship between them is investigated with a quantitative method. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. مزایای گردشگری برای جوامع میزبان، مخصوصاً در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه به‌عنوان یک ابزار مهم برای توسعه ثابت‌شده است زیرا بر فرصت‌های اشتغال، تولید ناخالص داخلی، توسعه تجاری، رشد پایدار و...تأثیر مثبت دارند. پس هنگام تصمیم‌گیری در مورد انتخاب مقصد گردشگری، متغیرهای زیادی از جمله شناخت ساکنان مقصد و تجربه دیگر گردشگران از آن مقصد تأثیرگذار است. به همین دلیل هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه الگوی توسعه گردشگری با تأکید بر رویکرد شهر شاد در شهر یزد می‌باشد روش تحقیق آن از نوع توصیفی-تحلیلی است. در فرآیند ارائه این الگو و در جهت دستیابی به عوامل بالفعل و بالقوه موجود در شهر یزد، نخست شاخص‌های شهر شاد و توسعه گردشگری از طریق مصاحبه (42 نفر شامل صاحب‌نظران یا متخصصان (اساتید دانشگاه یزد)، مدیران شهری و مدیران گردشگری) به‌عنوان ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات کیفی، شناسایی شدند (تحلیل مضمون)، سپس با تدوین پرسشنامه، وضعیت شاخص‌های شهر شاد (400 نفر شهروندان) و توسعه گردشگری (400 نفر گردشگر) در محدوده موردمطالعه موردبررسی قرار گرفت. در نهایت با ارتباط بین شهر شاد و توسعه گردشگری، الگوی توسعه گردشگری با تأکید بر رویکرد شهر شاد ارائه‌شده است. نتایج تحلیل مسیر انجام‌یافته نشان می‌دهد بین توسعه گردشگری و ابعاد شهر شاد با متغیر میانجی ساکنین شاد ارتباط معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین نتایج آزمون پیرسون نشان داد بین توسعه گردشگری و شهر شاد ارتباط معناداری وجود دارد.

https://jut.ut.ac.ir/article_98575_1b5b992437ee4cc5c486262ffe85442a.pdf

دانشکده جغرافیا- دانشگاه تهران نشریه گردشگری شهری 2423-6926 12 4 2025 12 21 Analysis of the Reasons for Travelers' Intentions and Reluctance to Revisit Kish Island تحلیل دلایل اشتیاق و رویگردانی مسافران جهت سفر مجدد به جزیره کیش 25 39 101130 10.22059/jut.2025.385669.1244 FA محمد علی سیاه سرانی کجوری گروه مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران 0000-0003-4914-2408 Journal Article 2025 07 04 A B S T R A C T The intention to revisit is one of the key research topics in tourism destinations and has been considered a prominent behavioral intention. The present study aims to analyze the reasons for the enthusiasm and return of travelers to Kish Island, so the opinions of tourists on the "Hellokish.com" website were extracted, and the necessary analyses were performed using a mixed method. In the qualitative step, all the opinions were reviewed using content analysis, and categories and subcategories were extracted to separate enthusiastic and turned-away tourists. In the quantitative step, tourists' opinions were divided into three groups as positive, negative, and neutral. The data were filtered and cleaned, and super words were drawn for enthusiastic and turned-away tourists returning to travel. Then, to achieve the best model with the highest accuracy to predict the behavior of tourists, three methods of artificial neural networks, decision trees, and naive Bayes were used to model the data. The results showed that the model built through simple Bayes achieved the highest accuracy, i.e., 31.79, the best predictor of tourist behavior. In the next step, dependency rules were used to extract if-then rules that differentiate enthusiastic and reluctant tourists. The results showed that the most important reasons for not returning to Kish Island are the poor quality of hotels, high costs and the lack of proportion between prices and services and quality, poor health and safety conditions, and dissatisfaction with the quality of entertainment and recreation. On the other hand, for travelers willing to revisit Kish Island, their positive experience is mainly due to the quality and access to amenities and recreational facilities, the professional and friendly attitude of hotel staff, and the pleasant and peaceful environment of the island. Extended Abstract Introduction For many countries, tourism is an important source of business activity, income, employment, and international exchange. Many developed countries receive a large annual income from this tourism industry, so other countries are interested in expanding this industry so that the government can make a profit. Still, a country needs to develop the right infrastructure to meet the needs of tourists and provide them with the right facilities. This can be relatively profitable for the industry. In the current era, due to the spread of social networks, tourists can easily transfer their positive and negative experiences to other tourists through electronic word of mouth. Customers tend to search for more information before making any decision. The best way to do this is to search for reviews and opinions published by other consumers online. This process is known as electronic word of mouth. Methodology The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical, and in terms of research strategy, it is a mixed sequential and exploratory type and in the form of a cross-sectional study. The research data is related to the opinions expressed online by travelers to Kish Island on the hellokish.com site in the period from the first of March 2023 to the end of October 2024, which was extracted and collected through the Instant Data Scraper plugin. In order to achieve the study's objectives and address its questions, two sequential qualitative and quantitative steps were employed. In the qualitative step, the philosophy of interpretivism and the inductive approach were used in terms of applied research strategy, qualitative strategy, content analysis method, and cross-sectional studies. The research data were collected from the aforementioned site, implemented in MAXQDA20 software, analyzed, and categorized. The Crisp data mining process and Rapid miner data mining software were used in the quantitative step. The research population includes travelers who expressed their opinions about their travel experience to this island on the hellokish.com website. Due to the use of all data extracted from user comments during the aforementioned period, sampling was unnecessary, and all relevant data was included in the analyses. Results and discussion According to the data extracted from the opinions of travelers on the hellokish.com website and the analyses conducted in the qualitative and quantitative sections, the results indicate significant differences in the travelers' experience and the factors that cause their desire or reluctance to return to Kish Island. What distinguishes the present study and its results from previous studies is that the categories and subcategories extracted from the opinions of travelers who have turned away and are eager to return to Kish Island, as well as the dependency rules (if-then) extracted from a multitude of travelers' opinions on social networks, were selected and, due to the anonymity of the individuals in presenting their opinions and their presentation without bias and bias and the absence of an interviewer or other external factor, their authenticity can be largely assured. On the other hand, the present study focused on processing and discovering rules and patterns from seemingly abundant and less-considered data in previous studies that, despite being important, had not been considered. The results showed that the most important reasons for not returning to Kish Island are the poor quality of hotels, high costs and the lack of proportion between prices and services and quality, poor health and safety conditions, and dissatisfaction with the quality of entertainment and recreation. On the other hand, travelers willing to revisit Kish Island attribute their positive experience mainly to the quality and appropriate access to amenities and recreational facilities, the professional and friendly attitude of hotel staff, and the pleasant and peaceful environment of the island. Conclusion The analysis of the research results indicates that Kish Island is capable of creating a peaceful and enjoyable experience for tourists, especially if high-quality and reasonably priced services are maintained at a high level. Travelers who are eager to return have mentioned the high quality of hotels, cleanliness of rooms, varied breakfast, and easy access to shopping centers and recreational activities. Also, the island's peaceful atmosphere and beautiful coastal nature are other attractions of this destination that encourage many travelers to return. Improving the quality of hotels and amenities is of great importance. Renovating hotels, especially worn-out hotels with inadequate facilities, and improving the level of cleanliness and service standards can have a positive impact on the traveler experience. Furthermore, special attention should be paid to improving the health and safety conditions of hotels and other recreational places so travelers can use these facilities more confidently. In addition, controlling prices and their proportion to the quality of services should be prioritized. Proper policies regarding the pricing of services, especially food, transportation, and entertainment, can increase traveler satisfaction and reduce dissatisfaction. It is suggested that prices be adjusted to match the quality of services and that discounts and special packages be considered to attract more tourists. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. تمایل به بازدید مجدد یکی از موضوعات تحقیقاتی کلیدی در حوزه مقاصد گردشگری محسوب می‌شود. هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیل دلایل اشتیاق و رویگردانی مسافران جهت سفر مجدد به جزیره کیش است، لذا نظرات گردشگران در سایت "هلوکیش دات کام" استخراج و تجزیه‌وتحلیل‌های لازم روی آن‌ها با روش آمیخته صورت پذیرفت. در گام کیفی با استفاده از تحلیل محتوا، تمامی نظرات مورد بازخوانی و مقولات و زیر مقولات به تفکیک گردشگران مشتاق و روی‌گردان استخراج شد. در گام کمی، ابتدا نظرات گردشگران به سه گروه مثبت، منفی و خنثی تقسیم و فرایند پالایش و پاک‌سازی داده‌ها انجام و ابر کلمات برای گردشگران مشتاق و روی‌گردان از سفر مجدد ترسیم شد، سپس به‌منظور دستیابی به بهترین مدل با بالاترین دقت جهت پیش‌بینی رفتار گردشگران، از سه روش شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی، درخت تصمیم و بیز ساده بر روی داده‌ها مدل‌سازی صورت پذیرفت. نتایج نشان داد مدل بیز ساده بالاترین میزان دقت یعنی 31/79 جهت پیش‌بینی رفتار گردشگران را به دست آورد. در مرحله بعد با استفاده از قواعد وابستگی، قواعد اگر-آنگاه به تفکیک گردشگران مشتاق و روی‌گردان استخراج شد. نتایج نشان داد مهم‌ترین دلایل عدم بازگشت مجدد به جزیره کیش به کیفیت نامناسب هتل‌ها، هزینه‌های بالا و عدم تناسب قیمت‌ها با خدمات و کیفیت، شرایط بهداشتی و ایمنی نامطلوب، نارضایتی از کیفیت تفریحات و سرگرمی‌ها برمی‌گردد. از سوی دیگر مسافرانی که تمایل به سفر مجدد به جزیره کیش دارند تجربه مثبت آن‌ها عمدتاً به کیفیت و دسترسی به امکانات رفاهی و تفریحی، برخورد حرفه‌ای و دوستانه کارکنان هتل‌ها و محیط دل‌نشین و آرام جزیره برمی‌گردد.

https://jut.ut.ac.ir/article_101130_e4df7148f797c7bb19ee2dd662e23794.pdf

دانشکده جغرافیا- دانشگاه تهران نشریه گردشگری شهری 2423-6926 12 4 2025 12 21 Investigating the Impact of Tourism Destination Branding on the Development of Urban Tourism: A case study of Zanjan City بررسی تأثیر برند سازی مقاصد گردشگری بر توسعه گردشگری شهری مطالعه موردی: شهر زنجان 41 55 101131 10.22059/jut.2025.378007.1218 FA حسن محمودزاده گروه برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای دانشکده برنامه ریزی و علوم محیطی دانشگاه تبریز تبریز ایران 0000-0001-5465-1114 رحیم حیدری چیانه گروه برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشکده علوم و برنامه‌ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران 0000-0002-0278-1977 زهرا فضل الهی گروه برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشکده علوم و برنامه‌ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران 0009-0000-1525-890X Journal Article 2025 07 04 A B S T R A C T Due to the increasing competition of tourism destinations, destination brand development has become a strategic tool in the world. Therefore, the role of the brand in urban development and progress cannot be denied. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to rank the tourist destinations of Zanjan city based on their level of branding and the impact of this brand on the development of tourism in this city. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical, and library and field study methods and questionnaire tools were used to collect data. Ten important tourist destinations in Zanjan were analyzed in the form of 7 criteria: historical, cultural, symbolic, economic efficiency, facilities and services, accessibility, and attractiveness. SPSS software and the TOPSIS fuzzy model were used to analyze the data, and TOPSIS FUZZY SOLVER software was used to rank the tourist destinations. The results showed that the historical, accessibility, and attractiveness criteria with a value of 9 are the closest to the ideal solution, which indicates the more significant potential of these criteria for the branding of Zanjan. Cultural, symbolic, economic, and service criteria are also close to the ideal solution with a value of 7. The results also show that the degree of importance of Zanjan's tourist destinations is not far from each other from the perspective of Zanjan citizens so that the Zanjan Traditional Bazaar ranked first with a similarity of 0.5669, the Laundry Museum ranked second with a similarity of 0.5227, and the Salt Men Museum ranked third with a similarity of 0.5188 contributed to the branding of this city. Extended Abstract Introduction Developing destination brands has become a vital strategic tool in today's competitive tourism industry. A successful tourism brand can have a great impact on attracting tourists and contribute to the overall development of a destination in various aspects such as culture, society, and economy. Hence, the role of the brand in urban development and progress cannot be denied. Zanjan, due to its proximity to the capital and its important historical and cultural attractions, can have a significant impact on the progress and development of tourism, which requires the creation of a brand. A successful tourism brand at the urban level of Zanjan can have a significant impact on attracting tourists and ultimately developing the cultural, social, and economic dimensions of the city. Hence, the purpose of this research is to rank the tourist destinations of Zanjan based on the degree of branding and the impact of this brand on the development of tourism in this city. Methodology The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical, and library and field study methods and questionnaire tools were used to collect data. The statistical population of the present study is experts, professors, and activists in the field of tourism in Zanjan. The snowball sampling method was used to determine the sample size (40 samples) in the present study. The study district in the present study is Zanjan, and 40 questionnaires were distributed among experts in the field of urban tourism in this district. The research questions include 7 sections that measure and evaluate the impact of 10 important Zanjan tourism destinations on urban tourism development according to various criteria. The 10 selected important symbols of Zanjan city include Zanjan Grand Mosque, Seyyed Ibrahim Imamzadeh, Traditional Bazaar, Sabzeh Maidan Pedestrian Street, Zolfaghari Mansion, Laundry Museum, Natural History Museum, Mellat Park, Zanjan University, and Ishraq Commercial-Entertainment Complex. The impact of each symbol on urban tourism development was measured according to 7 criteria as historical, cultural, symbolic, facilities and services, attractiveness, economic efficiency, and accessibility. In this study, the reliability of the questionnaire data was measured using SPSS software with Cronbach's alpha. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire questionnaire is 0.974, which means that the questionnaire has high consistency. The questionnaire questions were presented in the form of a 7-point Likert scale (very low, low, below average, average, above average, high, and very high). Specialized questions related to tourism destination branding are 70 questions, and 10 selected tourism destinations were tested in the form of 7 criteria such as historical, cultural, symbolic, economic efficiency, facilities and services, accessibility, and attractiveness. SPSS software and the TOPSIS fuzzy model were used to analyze statistical data. This study analyzed the data in the TOPSIS FUZZY SOLVER software environment to rank tourism destinations. Results and discussion The findings showed that among all the criteria, the average of the historical criterion was 4.5, which has the highest average. The results also showed that the historical, accessibility, and attractiveness values of 9 are the closest to the ideal solution. In other words, respondents have given more points to the historical, accessibility, and attractiveness, which indicates the greater potential of these criteria for branding the city of Zanjan. In the next rankings, the cultural, symbolic, economic, and service criteria are the closest solutions to the ideal solution, with a value of 7. The traditional market of Zanjan, which is similar to the ideal solution with a value of 0.5669, has won the first rank in the tourism branding of Zanjan. The second and third ranks are related to the Laundry Museum and the Salt Men Museum, with a similarity of 0.5227 and 0.5188. The last rank is related to the Imamzadeh of Seyyed Ibrahim, which has the lowest similarity to the ideal solution, with a value of 0.3415. In other words, this tourist destination has the least impact on the tourism branding of Zanjan. The closer the similarity option value is to 1, the closer the solution is to the ideal answer and is the best option. So, the traditional market of Zanjan, with a value of 0.5669, is the closest option to number 1 among the other research options. As a result, it has a close similarity to the ideal solution. The results from TOPSIS FUZZY SOLVER software show that the traditional market of Zanjan has achieved the top rank in the branding of tourist destinations in Zanjan, with the closest distance to the number 1. Conclusion The results showed that the historical, accessibility, and attractiveness criteria with a value of 9 are the closest to the ideal solution, indicating the greater potential of these criteria for branding of Zanjan. The cultural, symbolic, economic, and service criteria are also close to the ideal solution with a value of 7. The results also show that the degree of importance of Zanjan's tourist destinations is not far from each other from the perspective of Zanjan citizens. Hence, the Zanjan Traditional Bazaar with the first rank and a similarity of 0.5669, the Laundry Museum with the second rank and a similarity of 0.5227, and the Salt Men Museum with the third rank and a similarity of 0.5188 contributed to the branding of this city. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. به دلیل رقابت روزافزون مقاصد گردشگری، توسعه برند مقصد به‌عنوان یک ابزار استراتژیک در جهان تبدیل‌شده است. ازاین‌رو نقش برند را در توسعه و پیشرفت شهری نمی‌توان انکار کرد. ازاین‌رو هدف این پژوهش، رتبه‌بندی مقاصد گردشگری شهر زنجان بر اساس میزان برندینگ بودن آن و تأثیر این برند بر توسعه گردشگری این شهر می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ ماهیت، توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و برای گردآوری داده‌ها از روش کتابخانه‌ای و مطالعه میدانی و ابزار پرسشنامه استفاده‌شده است. تعداد 10 مقصد گردشگری مهم زنجان در قالب 7 معیار تاریخی، فرهنگی، نمادین، صرفه اقتصادی، تسهیلات و خدمات، دسترسی و نقش انگیزی مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفتند. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار SPSS، مدل تاپسیس فازی و به‌منظور رتبه‌بندی مقاصد گردشگری از نرم‌افزار TOPSIS FUZZY SOLVER استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که معیارهای تاریخی، دسترسی و نقش‌انگیزی با مقدار 9 نزدیک‌ترین مقدار برای راه‌حل ایده‌آل می‌باشد که این نشان‌دهنده پتانسیل بیشتر این معیارها جهت برند سازی شهر زنجان می‌باشد. معیارهای فرهنگی، نمادین، اقتصادی و خدمات نیز با مقدار 7 به راه‌حل ایده‌آل نزدیک هستند. همچنین نتایج نشان می‌دهد که درجه اهمیت مقاصد گردشگری شهر زنجان نسبت به یکدیگر از دیدگاه شهروندان زنجانی فاصله زیادی ندارد، به‌طوری‌که بازار سنتی زنجان با رتبه اول و با شباهت 5669/0، موزه رختشوی‌خانه با رتبه دوم و با شباهت 5227/0 و موزه مردان نمکی با رتبه سوم و با شباهت 5188/0 در برند سازی این شهر سهیم بودند.

https://jut.ut.ac.ir/article_101131_ec93c569c7714393a73d611e2ae08118.pdf

دانشکده جغرافیا- دانشگاه تهران نشریه گردشگری شهری 2423-6926 12 4 2025 12 21 Explanation and analysis on the determination of health assessment indicators with the approach of Construction an index system in Ramsar tourism ecosystem تبیین و تحلیل شاخص‌های ارزیابی سلامت با رویکرد ساخت سیستم شاخص در اکوسیستم گردشگری رامسر 57 79 101133 10.22059/jut.2025.382240.1233 FA مهناز جدیدی گروه برنامه‌ریزی، مدیریت و آموزش محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 0009-0006-3236-2315 محمد جواد امیری گروه برنامه‌ریزی، مدیریت و آموزش محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 0000-0003-1748-9036 شهرزاد فریادی گروه برنامه‌ریزی، مدیریت و آموزش محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2025 07 04 A B S T R A C T Human disturbances, including the destruction of habitats and the spread of various types of pollution, have caused damage to ecosystems and affected their health. Tourism ecosystem, as one of the biggest economic drivers of the world and multiple systems, has been destroyed in different parts. The current research was conducted with the aim of determining the indicators used in the methods of evaluating the tourism ecosystem health and analyzing them. The construction approach of an index system determined by the VORSH model including capacity, organizational structure, resilience, ecosystem services and the level of health and education of the residents has been used. Then, by weighting the indicators using fuzzy ANP, it proposed a new research mentality for the sustainable development of tourism. The results show that the indicators of the number of incoming tourists and the presence of natural, cultural and historical attractions in the power dimension, the rate of land use change from ecological to non-ecological, population density and visitor density and the distance to the tourist area in the structure dimension, The four environmental protection zones have the greatest impact on the health of the tourism ecosystem in the dimension of resilience and preservation of biological and aesthetic diversity in the dimension of ecosystem services. According to the most effective indicators of this research, the carrying capacity of each tourist place should be considered in order to maintain the quality and quantity of attractions and to reduce the pressure on the ecosystem by distributing the burden of tourism. Extended Abstract Introduction Human disturbances, including the destruction of habitats and the spread of various types of pollution, have caused damage to ecosystems and affected their health. Tourism ecosystem, as one of the biggest economic drivers of the world, is a special hybrid ecosystem that includes nature, economy and society, and as a multiple system, it has been destroyed in different parts. Although many models have been developed to evaluate the health of the ecosystem, the weaknesses of the models used to evaluate the health of tourism ecosystems, such as not paying attention to important Indexes, using Indexes that overlap in terms of content, and The inappropriate classification of sub-dimensions in previous studies shows the necessity of developing models. The current research aims to determine the indicators used in the methods of assessment the health of the tourism ecosystem, taking into account a tourism ecosystem with a diverse landscape, analyzing the methods of assessment the health of the ecosystem. Ecosystem health assessment often uses information related to Indexes. The identity of the Indexes depends on the component that is being investigated and differs between ecosystems. Methodology Based on previous studies, by using the VORSH model, the threatened tourism ecosystem of Ramsar region with diverse landscapes including mountain, sea, forest, pasture, river, lake, agriculture, and urban was considered and evaluated. Then, the construction approach of an index system determined by the VORSH model including capacity, organizational structure, resilience, ecosystem services and the level of health and education of the residents has been used. Then, by weighting the indicators using fuzzy ANP, it proposed a new research mentality for the sustainable development of tourism. Results and discussion A wide range of ecosystem health Indexes are available in previous researches, but depending on the questions investigated in the research, the existing Indexes can be combined and complement each other in order to carry out holistic ecosystem health assessments and Used comprehensively. After studying various dimensions of tourism, the need to add some indicators was felt more and more, which was included in this research. Another important point in selecting Indexes is the availability of data for quantifying the relevant Indexes in appropriate spatial and temporal scales. More data can be extracted by modeling or suitable surrogates can be found for them. The importance of choosing and combining Indexes is because social, economic and land use data can provide valuable information regarding the effects of human actions on the state of ecosystems. Similar indicators in various researches can have different weights, which occurs due to the conditions governing the combined tourism systems. The quality of selected and produced indicators is more important than their quantity and finally all indicators are multiplied together. This means that an index may be moved among the existing dimensions based on the researchers' point of view; Therefore, the nature of the model used and its considered dimensions are very important. The results show that the indicators of the number of incoming tourists and the presence of natural, cultural and historical attractions in the power dimension, the rate of land use change from ecological to non-ecological, population density and visitor density and the distance to the tourist area in the structure dimension, The four environmental protection zones have the greatest impact on the health of the tourism ecosystem in the dimension of resilience and preservation of biological and aesthetic diversity in the dimension of ecosystem services. Conclusion This research is a new attempt to conduct a comprehensive health assessment and analysis of the tourism ecosystem using the VORSH model. According to the most effective indicators of this research, the carrying capacity of each tourist place should be considered in order to maintain the quality and quantity of attractions and to reduce the pressure on the ecosystem by distributing the burden of tourism. The uneven distribution of tourists among different regions shows the shortcomings of the tourism industry in developing countries, which has to strengthen the infrastructure of tourism and culture through education and extensive advertising. Effective factors in the tourism development of a region include natural, economic and social power, as well as the existence of facilities and infrastructure. After identifying the most effective indicators on the health of the tourism ecosystem of the studied area, measures can be taken to improve the health of that ecosystem. Consciously creating an attraction such as a handicraft market based on the values in the past customs of the region and the needs of tourists is one of the ways that can cause the distribution of tourists; Because it leads to the formation of positive feelings in people and has had a positive impact on the development of sustainable tourism since the past. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. اختلال‌های انسانی از جمله تخریب زیستگاه‌ها و گسترش انواع آلودگی باعث آسیب به اکوسیستم‌ها شده و سلامت آن‌ها را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. اکوسیستم گردشگری به‌عنوان یکی از بزرگ‌ترین پیشران‌های اقتصادی جهان، نوعی اکوسیستم ترکیبی ویژه است که دربردارنده طبیعت، اقتصاد و جامعه می‌باشد و به‌عنوان یک سیستم چندگانه، در بخش‌های مختلف تخریب‌شده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین شاخص‌های مورداستفاده در روش‌های ارزیابی سلامت اکوسیستم گردشگری، با در نظر گرفتن یک اکوسیستم گردشگری با سیمای سرزمین متنوع، روش‌های ارزیابی سلامت اکوسیستم را تحلیل و با استفاده از رویکرد ساخت سیستم شاخص، شاخص‌ها را به‌وسیله مدل VORSH شامل توان، ساختار سازمانی، تاب‌آوری، خدمات اکوسیستمی و سطح سلامت و تحصیلات ساکنان تعیین می‌نماید. سپس از طریق وزن دهی به شاخص‌ها با استفاده از ANP فازی ذهنیت پژوهشی جدیدی را برای توسعه پایدار گردشگری پیشنهاد می‌دهد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که شاخص‌های تعداد گردشگران ورودی و وجود جاذبه‌های طبیعی، فرهنگی و تاریخی در بعد توان، نرخ تغییر کاربری زمین از اکولوژیک به غیر اکولوژیک، تراکم جمعیت و تراکم بازدیدکنندگان و میزان فاصله تا منطقه گردشگری در بعد ساختار، مناطق چهارگانه در بعد تاب‌آوری و حفظ تنوع زیستی و زیبایی‌شناختی در بعد خدمات اکوسیستمی بیشترین تأثیر را بر میزان سلامت اکوسیستم گردشگری دارند. با توجه به اثرگذارترین شاخص‌های این پژوهش، می‌بایست ظرفیت برد در هر مکان گردشگری در نظر گرفته شود تا موجب حفظ کیفیت و کمیت جاذبه‌ها شده و با توزیع بار گردشگری، از فشار بر اکوسیستم کاسته شود.

https://jut.ut.ac.ir/article_101133_5e84ebf9ea5643d5b6ce57383a3281ee.pdf

دانشکده جغرافیا- دانشگاه تهران نشریه گردشگری شهری 2423-6926 12 4 2025 12 23 Analysis of tourism resilience research and climate change using scientometric method تحلیل پژوهش‌های تاب‌آوری گردشگری و تغییرات اقلیمی با استفاده از روش علم‌سنجی 81 100 102784 10.22059/jut.2025.383485.1235 FA اسماعیل قادری گروه مدیریت جهانگردی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران 0000-0003-1158-2440 غلامرضا کاظمیان گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران احمد پوراحمد گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. سید سپهر اعرابی گروه مدیریت جهانگردی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2024 07 05 A B S T R A C T The tourism industry is the largest and most influential economic sector in the world, contributing to income generation and employment generation in host communities. In recent decades, many variables have directly and indirectly affected this industry. Among these variables, destination choice has been directly and climate change has been indirectly. The impact of climate change on tourism has been considered in many scientific studies, and solutions such as resilience and adapting tourism to these changes have been proposed to reduce vulnerability.The aim of this study is to describe and map the articles published in the field of tourism, resilience and climate change using a scientometric method that draws a knowledge map and thematic clustering of this field. Within the framework of this method, the articles indexed between 2007 and 2023 were examined using the “VOSviewer” and “Gephi” software, considering the keywords of tourism, climate change and resilience. The results of the study showed that the United States, England, Canada, and Australia have the most research studies with a high degree of author centrality. The concepts and keywords of climate change, tourism, resilience, adaptation, vulnerability, sustainability, risk management, and climate impacts have been used most often, either alone or in pairs. In this study, unfortunately, Iran has not played a reliable role in producing science in this field compared to other countries and has had a limited cooperation network with other countries in the world. Extended abstract Introduction The tourism industry is the largest and most influential economic sector in the world, which helps generate income and employment in the host communities. In recent decades, many variables have directly and indirectly affected this industry. Among these variables, the choice of destination is directly and climate change are indirectly influential. Therefore Destination selection and travel request under the influence Climate change is placed and can Climate change leads to a decrease in the attractiveness of tourist destinations and threats Environmental issues to be As a result Economy of host regions He faces danger.hence In order to face this challenge and preserve tourism destinations that are affected by climate change, it is necessary to direct tourism activities towards resilience and adaptation to these changes.Given that Changes the weather on the ecological landscape, water resources, vegetation and other environmental capacities of destinations tourism Significant effects leaves Therefore,study Resilience and adaptability of tourism with that It is of special importance. Despite the importance of this issue, limited research has been done on the resilience of tourism to climate change, especially at the international and national levels. As a country with high potential in the tourism industry, Iran has not been able to play an effective role in scientific studies in this field and create a strong international scientific cooperation network. This issue is considered as a study gap in the scientific literature and requires more attention to research in the field of tourism resilience and its adaptation to climate change.. Therefore In this research to Investigating and analyzing the status of research conducted in the field of tourism resilience against climate change and identifying existing gaps paid is to provide suitable solutions to improve and develop this industry against the challenges caused by climate change. Methodology In this research Scientific method has been used to collect and analyze data. The main goal it Description and analysis of articles published in the field of resilience, tourism and climate change. In order to do this, all articles indexed in the database Scopus were extracted and analyzed in the period from 2007 to 2023. VOS Viewer and Gephi scientometric software were used for data analysis. These softwares provide the possibility of analyzing scientific networks, co-authorship, co-citation and scientific communication. Using these tools, knowledge maps and thematic clusters were drawn in the fields of resilience, tourism and climate change. The statistical population of the research included 337 scientific records that were distributed in three main areas of resilience, tourism and climate change. To analyze the results, first the co-authorship networks of countries and authors were examined and then the most used keywords in these fields were analyzed. Results and discussion The results of the current research, which was conducted using the scientific method in the field of resilience, climate change and tourism, analyzed the articles and keywords used in this field. Based on the findings of this research: The growth process of articles: The number of articles in the period from 2007 to 2023 has been increasing despite fluctuations and has reached its peak in 2023. Cooperation network of countries: Countries like America, England, Canada and Australia have published the most articles and have extensive research collaborations with other countries. Iran has a limited role in this field and needs to increase international participation to improve its position. Highly cited journals Journals such as Sustainable Tourism and Tourism Management have played a key role in publishing articles in the field of resilience and tourism. Frequently used keywords: The most important keywords of this research include "climate changes", "tourism", "resilience", "adaptability" and "sustainability", which shows the importance of these topics in recent researches. Collaboration of researchers: In the collaboration network between researchers, people like Silva and Bouma have played a prominent role in scientific publication and collaboration. The results show that more attention is needed for the resilience of tourism against climate change and international cooperation should be strengthened to improve Iran's research level. Conclusion This research shows gave that climate changes have profound effects on the tourism industry and making this industry resilient against these changes An inevitable necessity is Scientific results show gave Researches related to tourism resilience and climate change have grown significantly in the last two decades, although they have faced stagnation in some years. Countries like America, England, Canada and Australia are leaders in this field of research and the most participation and They have co-authorship with other countries, while Iran has played a minor role in these studies. In This study showed that the articles published in this field More focused on keywords such as climate change, tourism, resilience, adaptation and sustainability has been. Also, magazines like Sustainable Tourism and Tourism Management play a central role in the dissemination of scientific findings in this field have had Based on the results of this research, there is a deep gap in Iran's internal studies compared to other leading countries. In order to solve this gap and improve Iran's scientific position, the need for international cooperation and the development of scientific research in this field is felt. Finally, paying attention to the resilience and adaptation of tourism to climate change not only helps to maintain tourism destinations, but also promotes economic sustainability and environmental will be in these areas as well. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. صنعت گردشگری بزرگ‌ترین و تأثیرگذارترین بخش اقتصادی جهان است که به ایجاد درآمد و اشتغال‌زایی در جوامع میزبان کمک می‌کند. در دهه‌های اخیر متغیرهای زیادی بر این صنعت به‌صورت مستقیم و غیرمستقیم تأثیر گذاشته‌اند. ازجمله این متغیرها، انتخاب مقصد به‌صورت مستقیم و تغییر اقلیم به‌صورت غیرمستقیم بوده است. تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی بر گردشگری در بسیاری از پژوهش‌های علمی موردتوجه قرارگرفته است و برای کاهش آسیب‌پذیری راه‌حل‌هایی مانند تاب‌آوری و سازگار کردن گردشگری با این تغییرات ارائه‌شده است.هدف این پژوهش توصیف و ترسیم نقشه‌ای از مقاله‌های منتشرشده در حوزه گردشگری، تاب‌آوری و تغییرات اقلیمی با روش علم‌سنجی است که به ترسیم نقشه دانشی و خوشه‌بندی موضوعی این حوزه پرداخته است. در چارچوب این روش با توجه به کلیدواژه‌های گردشگری، تغییرات اقلیمی و تاب‌آوری، مقالات نمایه شده در بازه زمانی سال‌های 2007 تا 2023 با نرم‌افزارهای “VOSviewer” و”Gephi” موردبررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که کشورهای آمریکا، انگلیس، کانادا و استرالیا بیشترین مطالعات پژوهشی را با در جه مرکزیت بالای نویسندگان به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. مفاهیم و کلیدواژه‌های تغییرات اقلیمی، گردشگری، تاب‌آوری، سازگاری، آسیب‌پذیری، پایداری، مدیریت ریسک و اثرات اقلیم به‌تنهایی یا دوبه‌دو بیشترین کاربرد را داشته‌اند. در این مطالعه، متأسفانه کشور ایران در مقایسه با سایر کشورها نقش قابل اتکایی در تولید علم این حیطه ایفا نکرده است و شبکه همکاری محدودی با سایر کشورهای دنیا داشته است.

https://jut.ut.ac.ir/article_102784_205237bfb9f3f0d14c967c003f519e24.pdf

دانشکده جغرافیا- دانشگاه تهران نشریه گردشگری شهری 2423-6926 12 4 2025 12 28 Relationship between destination image and satisfaction in inbound tourists of Isfahan رابطه تصور از مقصد با رضایت از سفر در بین گردشگران خارجی شهر اصفهان 101 116 101134 10.22059/jut.2025.368727.1173 FA حامد بخشی گروه جامعه‌شناسی گردشگری، جهاد دانشگاهی، مشهد، ایران. 0000-0002-0309-7253 فاطمه عطری گروه جامعه‌شناسی گردشگری، جهاد دانشگاهی، مشهد، ایران. 0000-0002-6414-0016 Journal Article 2025 07 11 A B S T R A C T This study aims to examine Iran's destination image among tourists before and after their trip. Given the significance of a positive and distinct image in the competitive tourism industry, the research aims to assess changes in tourists' perceptions and preferences regarding various destination components. Data was collected through the secondary analysis method, and this research utilizes data from the first wave of Iran's national tourism survey. The statistical population comprises tourists entering Iran, with a sample size of 382 determined using Cochran's sampling formula. Foreign tourists in Isfahan were surveyed on nine destination components before and after their visit. The research findings indicate a significant improvement in the destination image across all components after tourists visited Iran compared to their perceptions before the trip. Notably, the people and security components experienced the most substantial changes. The reliability of people, satisfaction with accommodation, food, and the hospitality of Iranians emerged as the most influential factors contributing to the enhanced afterimage of the destination among foreign tourists. In conclusion, this study underscores the pivotal role of a positive destination image in influencing tourists' perceptions and satisfaction. The observed improvements in destination image components post-visit highlight the effectiveness of the tourism experience in shaping favorable impressions. Destination management and marketing strategies can leverage these findings to enhance Iran's appeal as a tourist destination in the competitive global landscape. Extended Abstract Introduction The image of the destination means a set of beliefs and attitudes towards the travel destination. Today, tourism has become an important industry, and its success requires presenting a favorable and distinct image from other competitors. Several factors, including tourist satisfaction with the trip, can influence destination self-image. The current paper aims to study the destination's image for the tourists entering Iran before and after the trip. The main factor of this process is managing perception and creating an attractive and distinct image of the destination. Iran, a historical-cultural country with various tourist attractions, is considered a suitable destination for foreign tourists. However, despite its great capacity to attract foreign tourists, Iran has remained neglected in the tourism market. It has accounted for less than one percent (0.84) of the share of tourism income in the world. This amount is in the situation that Iran ranks tenth in the world in terms of historical and ancient attractions and fifth in the world in terms of ecotourism. Gaining the satisfaction of tourists and presenting a favorable image to their expectations will lead to the growth and prosperity of tourism and improve the image of Iran in the world arena. The current research seeks to answer these questions: -What differences exist between the perceptions of foreign tourists about the destination before and after their visit? -And what is the relationship between tourists' destination image and travel satisfaction? Methodology This research was done using the secondary analysis method on the data from the first wave of Iran's national tourism survey. The statistical population included tourists entering Iran, and the sample size was estimated to be 382 based on Cochran's sampling formula. The foreign tourists present in Isfahan were asked what they thought about the 9 components, such as tourist attractions, weather, infrastructure, transportation, restaurants and food, shopping markets, security, and the host people before traveling to Iran and after the experience. All 9 measured components are effective and essential in choosing a travel destination. The participants' responses are on a Likert scale (very good - very bad). Satisfaction with tourist attractions is measured with the components of attractiveness, uniqueness, authenticity, cleanliness, and hygiene in the form of a Likert scale. Results and discussion To evaluate the image of tourists from Iran, the present study used components, including tourist attractions, weather, infrastructure, transportation, restaurants and food, shopping markets, security, and people, which, in all cases, the average image of the destination after the trip to Iran was higher than the image of the destination before the journey. Also, this desirability for the people and security component has brought the most changes for tourists before and after their trip to Iran. The results of this research showed that the most effective factors in the afterimage of the destination among foreign tourists are the reliability of the people and satisfaction with the accommodation, satisfaction with the food, and hospitality of the Iranian people. Conclusion This study showed that Iran is a more suitable and desirable destination for elderly foreign tourists than young tourists. Therefore, due to the growth of elderly tourism worldwide, efforts should be made to pay more and better attention to the infrastructure conditions and facilities older people need in Iran. On the other hand, efforts and planning to attract other age groups should not be neglected. Foreign tourists traveling to Iran mainly want to visit tourist attractions, especially historical and natural ones. This shows that efforts to preserve and maintain these monuments and attractions are important for the growth of Iran's tourism industry. Also, the importance of nutrition during travel is not less than that of accommodation and other matters. Thus, it is very important to pay attention to the quality and variety of food according to the cultural differences among different nations. The result is that if we want to look for the factors with the most impact on the image of the destination in foreign tourists among the various components related to satisfaction, the two main characteristics are related to the people of the destination community, with the priority of trustworthiness and politeness and respect. The other two factors are related to food and accommodation. This result is important because it guides those involved in the tourism industry to prioritize strengthening different parts of the tourism service chain. Certainly, the limitation of budgets and facilities does not allow simultaneous and comprehensive strengthening of the service chain. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to prioritize different areas for strengthening. Funding This article is financially supported by the Jihad University and the Country's Management and Planning Organization. Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All authors approved the manuscript's content and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest, but none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. امروزه گردشگری به شکل یک صنعت تمام عیار درآمده و موفقیت در آن نیازمند ارائه تصویر مطلوب و متمایز از سایر رقبا است. مقاله حاضر نیز با هدف مطالعه تصویر مقصد برای گردشگران ورودی به اصفهان قبل از سفر و بعد از سفر و بررسی رضایت گردشگران و رابطه آن با تصویر مقصد به انجام رسیده است.این پژوهش با روش تحلیل ثانویه‌ بر داده‌های موج اول پیمایش ملی گردشگری ایران ( سال 1400) انجام شده است. جامعه آماری شامل گردشگران ورودی به اصفهان بوده است که بر اساس فرمول نمونه‌گیری کوکران 382 نفر برآورد شده است. گردشگران خارجی در شهر اصفهان در مورد 9 مولفه مقصد (جاذبه‌های گردشگری، آب و هوا، زیرساخت‌ها، حمل و نقل، رستوران و غذا، بازارهای خرید، امنیت و مردم) مورد پرسش قرار گرفته و این عوامل را قبل از بازدید از ایران و پس از بازدید از ایران ارزیابی کرده‌اند که با استفاده از آزمون مقایسه میانگین زوجی مورد تحلیل واقع شده است. رابطه تصویر مقصد و رضایت از مولفه‌های گردشگری نیز با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون بررسی شده است. همچنین جهت شناسایی عوامل موثر بر تصویر مقصد از رگرسیون خطی بهره جسته شده است. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان داد که تصویر مقصد در تمامی مولفه‌ها پس از بازدید از ایران، نسبت به قبل از سفر، مطلوب‌‌تر بوده است. همچنین این مطلوبیت در رابطه با مولفه‌های مردم و امنیت بیشترین تغییرات را برای گردشگران قبل و بعد از سفرشان به ایران به همراه داشته است. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که موثرترین عوامل در تصویر پسینی از مقصد نزد گردشگران خارجی، قابل اعتماد بودن مردم و رضایت از اقامتگاه، رضایت از غذا و مهمان ‌نوازی مردم ایران است..

https://jut.ut.ac.ir/article_101134_d8b87a621f91ac0f87b4ed310472e8ed.pdf

دانشکده جغرافیا- دانشگاه تهران نشریه گردشگری شهری 2423-6926 12 4 2025 12 20 Development of a Tourism Management Model for Island Cities: A case study of Kish Island ارائه الگوی مدیریت توسعه گردشگری در شهرهای جزیره‌ای مطالعه موردی: جزیره کیش 117 136 101135 10.22059/jut.2025.387604.1251 FA سیده فاطمه مزیدی گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 0000-0001-9295-0027 کرامت اله زیاری گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 0000-0001-9135-4768 سید عباس رجایی گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 0000-0002-6113-2811 Journal Article 2025 07 03 A B S T R A C T Tourism development in island cities is recognized as a key factor in these areas' economic and social growth. As one of the important tourist destinations in Iran, Kish Island requires a comprehensive management model to utilize its capacities optimally. This research aims to develop a Tourism Management Model for Island Cities on Kish Island. This study used a descriptive-analytical method and combined qualitative and quantitative data. Information was collected through standard questionnaires, in-depth interviews with experts, and the analysis of existing documents. The statistical population includes tourists, residents, and tourism experts on Kish Island. The sample size was determined to be 300 individuals for both the first and second groups and 50 individuals for the third group, selected using a purposive random sampling method. The data were analyzed using statistical software such as SPSS and Smart-PLS, as well as content analysis. The findings of the research indicate that factors such as tourism infrastructure, management policies, environmental conservation, and community participation are among the most important components in managing tourism development on Kish Island. Additionally, the need for developing educational programs and increasing public awareness regarding sustainable tourism has been clearly emphasized. The results demonstrate the high tourism potential of Kish Island and suggest that it is necessary to design a comprehensive and integrated management model involving all stakeholders in the decision-making process to achieve sustainable tourism development on Kish Island. Extended Abstract Introduction As a dynamic sector with distinctive and unique characteristics, the tourism industry plays a pivotal role in the economic and productive activities of both developed and developing countries. Among the critical issues that tourism planners emphasize is carrying capacity, which assesses the extent to which a destination can accommodate tourists without compromising its resources or quality of experience. This evaluation is particularly vital for coastal areas, where environmental and infrastructural limitations are more pronounced. In Iran, the beaches of the Persian Gulf and its islands have long been a focal point for both domestic and international tourists. Among these destinations, Kish Island holds a prominent position due to its designation as a free trade zone and its proximity to Gulf countries, attracting a significant number of visitors annually. Strategically located in the southern part of Iran, near the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, Kish Island serves as a major hub for recreational and economic tourism. Its well-developed recreational and sports facilities along the beaches, extensive shopping centers, and free trade zone infrastructure draw thousands of tourists from within and beyond Iran each year. Notably, the availability of coastal recreational and sports amenities has positioned Kish as one of the leading coastal tourism destinations in both Iran and the region. This research explores a management model tailored for coastal cities to facilitate sustainable tourism development. It also seeks to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of coastal tourism development in Iran, with a particular focus on Kish Island. This study aspires to contribute meaningfully to advancing tourism on Kish Island by identifying effective strategies and management approaches. Methodology This research is descriptive in terms of its objective; it employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data; it is field-based in terms of its execution location; it is a cross-sectional study in terms of the time period; it utilizes a survey method for data collection; and it relies on the Delphi technique for qualitative analysis and the use of questionnaires and structural equation modeling for quantitative analysis. The questionnaire was designed based on the variables under investigation and developed using the Delphi technique. It was evaluated through a pilot test to assess its reliability and, upon approval, distributed among the statistical sample. The statistical population includes tourists, residents, and tourism experts on Kish Island. The sample size was determined to be 300 individuals for each of the first two groups and 50 individuals for the third group, selected using a purposive random sampling method. The data were analyzed using statistical software such as SPSS and Smart-PLS, as well as content analysis. Additionally, correlation methods and structural equation modeling were employed to examine the relationships between the variables. Results and discussion In order to achieve sustainable tourism development on Kish Island, it is essential to consider all dimensions and design tourism management policies and programs that account for these interrelationships. This approach should encompass infrastructure investments, enhancement of social and cultural services, and environmental preservation to attain balanced and sustainable development. The findings of this study underscore the significance and reciprocal impact of various dimensions of tourism development management on Kish Island. Data analysis revealed that the social and cultural dimensions correlate with managerial and infrastructural dimensions. This suggests that improving social and cultural services can have a direct effect on the quality of tourism management and infrastructure. In other words, enhancing cultural and recreational facilities can enrich tourists' experiences, consequently attracting more visitors. Moreover, the results indicate that the environmental and natural dimension plays a crucial role in sustainable tourism development. The strong correlation between the managerial and infrastructural dimensions with the environmental and natural dimensions highlights that appropriate infrastructure for protecting natural resources not only aids in environmental conservation but can also serve as a draw for tourists. This emphasizes the necessity of investing in environmental infrastructure to achieve sustainable tourism development on Kish Island. Finally, the research demonstrates that social and cultural aspects also significantly influence the economic and capital dimensions. Conclusion The findings of this study reveal the intricate and interconnected impacts of various dimensions of tourism development management on Kish Island. The analysis indicates that the socio-cultural dimension serves as a cornerstone of tourism development. Enhancing social and cultural services, such as organizing cultural and artistic events, can significantly improve tourists' experiences, thereby increasing the island's appeal to visitors. These results underscore the importance of addressing tourists' cultural needs and preferences as a key strategy for attracting a larger number of visitors. In addition to the socio-cultural dimension, the findings highlight the critical role of environmental and natural factors in the success of tourism management. Establishing adequate infrastructure for the preservation of natural resources and environmental protection not only safeguards the island's natural beauty but also acts as a vital driver for attracting tourists. On Kish Island, where unspoiled landscapes and natural resources are among its primary attractions, investing in sustainable environmental infrastructure is essential to ensure these resources are utilized responsibly. Furthermore, the results emphasize that socio-cultural factors closely influence economic and financial dimensions. Increased investment in social and cultural initiatives can foster economic growth and boost tourism revenues. Therefore, achieving sustainable development in Kish Island's tourism sector requires a holistic approach that simultaneously addresses all dimensions. Policies must be designed to account for the interdependencies between these dimensions, ensuring a balanced and integrated strategy. Such a comprehensive approach can pave the way for an effective and sustainable tourism management model tailored to Kish Island's unique context. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. توسعه گردشگری در شهرهای جزیره‌ای به‌عنوان یک عامل کلیدی در رشد اقتصادی و اجتماعی این مناطق شناخته می‌شود. جزیره کیش به‌عنوان یکی از مقاصد مهم گردشگری در ایران، نیازمند یک الگوی مدیریت جامع برای بهره‌برداری بهینه از ظرفیت‌های خود است. هدف این تحقیق ارائه یک الگوی مدیریت توسعه گردشگری در جزیره کیش بوده است. این تحقیق به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام‌شده و از ترکیبی از داده‌های کیفی و کمی بهره می‌برد. اطلاعات از طریق پرسشنامه‌های استاندارد، مصاحبه‌های عمیق با کارشناسان و تحلیل اسناد موجود جمع‌آوری‌شده است. جامعه آماری شامل گردشگران، ساکنان محلی و کارشناسان حوزه گردشگری در جزیره کیش است. حجم نمونه برای گروه اول و دوم هر کدام ۳۰۰ نفر و برای گروه سوم، 50 نفر تعیین‌شده که به روش تصادفی هدفمند انتخاب‌شده‌اند. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای آماری مانند SPSS و Smart-PLS و تحلیل محتوا مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرارگرفته‌اند. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد که عواملی نظیر زیرساخت‌های گردشگری، سیاست‌های مدیریتی، حفظ محیط‌زیست و مشارکت جامعه محلی از مهم‌ترین مؤلفه‌ها در مدیریت توسعه گردشگری در جزیره کیش هستند. همچنین، نیاز به تدوین برنامه‌های آموزشی و افزایش آگاهی عمومی در زمینه گردشگری پایدار به‌وضوح مورد تأکید قرارگرفته است. نتایج نشان‌دهنده وجود پتانسیل‌های بالای گردشگری در جزیره کیش است همچنین نتایج حاکی از آن است که برای دستیابی به توسعه پایدار گردشگری در جزیره کیش، لازم است یک الگوی مدیریتی جامع و یکپارچه طراحی شود که تمامی ذینفعان را در فرآیند تصمیم‌گیری دخیل کند.

https://jut.ut.ac.ir/article_101135_6c0257088105028e18f975b07338da56.pdf