Measuring and evaluating the consequences of the Corona crisis (Covid-19) on urban tourism destinations Study case: Ardabil city

Introduction

The city is basically a living organism consisting of complex communications, comprehensive behaviors and unpredictable nonlinear characteristics, which subsystems and sub-systems such as tourism, land and urban housing, the body of the city, etc. operate in this complex system. Meanwhile, one of the most important urban subsystems; It is a sub-system of tourism, which is a multi-dimensional system that affects various aspects of human life, including economic, social, cultural, political, environmental and physical in the territory. In fact, tourism is a production and consumption industry, the development of which has always helped to increase employment and national income and has created demand for many goods and services. Tourism is characterized as an open system with a high degree of connection with the environment, which is influenced by many inputs and outputs. Numerous interactions with different aspects of the outside world not only affect the tourism system but also affect the environment. So; Tourism and especially urban tourism should be considered as a system, without having a systemic approach, all its dimensions are not considered. In this framework; The outbreak of the Corona virus (Covid-19) has severely affected urban tourism. Therefore, the researcher is trying to consider the consequences of the corona crisis on the urban tourism of Ardabil with emphasis on primary and secondary elements.

Methodology

This research is positivist in terms of the type of philosophy, and the logical approach governing the research is the inductive-deductive approach. This research generally has two main parts, the first part includes the evaluation of primary and secondary elements in the period before Corona, during and after Corona, and the second part includes determining the cause-effect relationships of these elements and the degree of influence of the structures on each other. After extensive studies and consultation with professors, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared, and to measure the validity of the questionnaire, after the approval of experts and professors, the final version of the questionnaire was obtained. The statistical population of the current research includes the relevant experts (experts, officials and professors in the fields related to the subject) and the nature of the obtained data is qualitative and quantitative. To analyse the data, statistics and branches and descriptive and inferential techniques were used.

Research Findings

In the primary elements, there is a difference between the two periods (before and after Corona), which is shown through a decrease in the average in the period during and after Corona. The average of the secondary elements obtained in the pre-corona period is much higher than the secondary elements in the corona period. The general results of ranking for tourism elements before the Corona period and during and after the Corona period indicate that there is a significant difference in the average before the Corona period and during and after the Corona period, which is important for the two primary structures and Secondary is generally considered. The comparison of the average ranking for the primary elements shows that the highest average for the pre-Corona period in Ardabil urban tourism is the status of natural attractions, the status of food tourism, etc. Also, the ranking order of importance for the period during and after the Corona period, respectively, includes the state of food tourism, the state of recreational and night tourism, etc. There is a significant difference between the research sub-variables in terms of importance, and these sub-variables do not have the same value and importance, but there is a significant difference between them. The implementation of cause-effect relationships between the sub-system of urban tourism in Ardabil and the corona epidemic showed that urban tourism in Ardabil is a dynamic system that involves positive and sometimes negative action and reaction with each other (other components), which is an example of input and The entropy of Corona has brought a negative trend for urban tourism in Ardabil.

Conclusion

The results showed that there are two circles R1 and R2 between the epidemic of the Corona crisis and urban tourism in Ardabil, and the circle R1 is related to two main variables, which is a negative trend in the relationship between the epidemic of the Corona crisis and urban tourism in Ardabil and a positive trend in the Corona period for the relationship between The urban tourism of Ardabil showed the epidemic and also the result of the model diagram showed that the declining trend of urban tourism in Ardabil during the Corona period is a clear trend (the trend of decreasing tourism), This also shows a significant and verifiable agreement with the results obtained from the evaluation and measurement.