Investigating and Analyzing the Effects of Covid-19 on the Tourism Industry in Peri-Urban Areas the Case Study of Javanrood City

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic azad university, Marvdasht, Iran

3 Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract

A B S T R A C T
The implementation of quarantine policies and temporary business closures, social distancing, etc., to curb the spread of Covid-19 by governments and citizens has imposed the most significant shock on the world's tourism industry and caused the destruction of various businesses and the livelihood of the beneficiaries of the tourism industry. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of the Covid-19 outbreak on the tourism industry from the point of view of the villagers working in the border market of Javanrood. The research's philosophical basis is a combination of a qualitative approach in the discussion stage (Q) and a quantitative approach in the factor analysis stage. The discourse community consists of 23 people who lived in one of the villages near the city of Javanrood and were active in the field of tourism (main or secondary occupation), who were selected using available sampling and snowball sampling. In order to analyze the data of Q matrices, exploratory factor analysis (Stephenson) and KADE v1.1.0 software was exerted. The results of this study showed that five mental patterns had been identified in the field of the impact of Covid-19 on people working in the service sector of the tourism industry such as instability of employment and income, social-environmental issues, reduction of investment, and psychological-health issues, and educational issues.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
According to the principle that the effects of Covid-19 have been greater in areas that have relied more on tourism, the researchers in this study aim to investigate and analyze the effects of the Covid-19 disease on the tourism industry in these peri-urban villages. It should be noted that due to the increasing trend of infectious diseases, investigating the effects of this disease on the tourism industry can provide an accurate and coherent scientific tool to deal with other crises while further explaining the subject under study. The results of this research can be used to deal with similar crises. According to the mentioned materials, the most important question of the research is: What are the most important effects of Covid-19 on the tourism industry in the peri-urban villages located near the city of Javanrood?
 
Methodology
The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of the Covid-19 outbreak on the tourism industry from the point of view of the villagers working in the border market of Javanrood. The research's philosophical basis is a combination of a qualitative approach in the discussion stage (Q) and a quantitative approach in the factor analysis stage. The discourse community consists of 23 people who lived in one of the villages near the city of Javanrood and were active in the field of tourism (main or secondary occupation), who were selected using available sampling and snowball sampling.   In order to analyze the data of Q matrices, exploratory factor analysis (Stephenson) and KADE v1.1.0 software was exerted.
 
Results and discussion
According to the main purpose of the research, which is to identify the mentality of the villagers working in the tourism industry (tourism border market in the city of Javanrood) regarding the effects of Covid-19  on that industry, the findings and results of the study showed that in the context of the impact of Covid-19 on the tourism industry (people who work in the services of this industry are busy), the range of mentality of the participants regarding the effects of Covid-19 on those who are engaged in the tourism industry could be separated into five categories or factors. Therefore, according to the mentality of the participants of the study, the effects of Covid-19 on the tourism industry were divided into five factors: instability of employment and income, social-environmental issues, reduction of investment, psychological-health issues, and educational issues. Based on these extracted factors in the field of the effects of Covid-19 on the tourism industry, the participants do not think in the same way about the nature, causes, how it affects, and the affected parts. Even the examination of the five extractive factors according to the place of residence of the studied people also indicates different views of people, even people who live in the same village, on the effects of this virus. Of course, it should be noted that similarities can be seen among the studied people in terms of perspective so that the majority of people believed that a large number of people who had temporary jobs or retail sales in the border market of Javanrood lost their jobs due to the implementation of social distancing and the decrease in the number of tourists entering this city. Also, they often believed that the implementation of the social distancing law had caused a change in lifestyle, which has ultimately caused individualism due to social distancing and a decrease in hope.
 
Conclusion
The results of the study showed that the first factor (the first mental pattern) had the most significant effect of Covid-19 on the people who worked in the tourism service sector in the border market, Javanrood city with a specific value of 3.94 and a percentage of the variance of 17, which was introduced as a factor of instability of employment and income. With the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, the government implemented some restrictions (from March 2018) to deal with the widespread and cut off its transmission chain. The most important restrictions were applied at that time, which had many harmful effects on tourism areas, including things such as traffic restrictions to cities and villages, closure of schools and educational institutions, closure of some businesses, not leaving the house, there were physical restrictions, social distancing, reduction of people's traffic on the streets and roads, etc. These severely imposed restrictions, in the first place, reduced the number of tourists entering the area. The decrease in the number of tourists is directly related to the decrease in the income of people working in that sector, especially people who were not able to earn money from their jobs in other ways, including selling in a virtual space (retailers, peddlers, coffee shops, butchers, food vendors on the side of the street and roads). Therefore, the unemployment rate has also increased due to the closure of many of the mentioned jobs.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Keywords

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urban tourism
Volume 9, Issue 4
January 2023
Pages 23-45

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